海南不同市县旱田代表性杂草发生规律研究  

Representative Weed Occurrence Rule in Different Counties of Upland in Hainan

作　　者：范志伟[1] 张建华[1] 程汉亭[1] 黄乔乔[1] 李晓霞[1] 刘丽珍[1] 沈奕德[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所农业部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室农业部儋州农业环境科学观测实验站海南省热带农业有害生物检测监控重点实验室海南海口,571101

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2014年第12期2502-2512,共11页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.2007hzs1J005、2008hzs1J004、2009hzs1J018);海南省重点科技项目(No.080149)

摘　　要：为全面了解海南不同市县旱田代表性杂草全年的发生规律,从2008年至2009年,采用全年定点、定时观测的方法对海南7个市县杂草自然萌发情况进行调查.结果表明：海南不同市县定点观测样方里共有代表性杂草20科60种,其中菊科、禾本科、苋科、豆科和茜草科较多,占杂草总数的63％;外来入侵杂草有29种,占总数的48％;重要值大于5的优势种杂草有12种,占所有杂草的20％.6月是杂草种类萌发高峰,达15种.海南杂草年平均萌发量达1 060株/0.25 m2,其中万宁最高,年平均萌发量达1 559株/0.25 m2;定安最低,年平均萌发量达519株/0.25 m2.海南杂草全年发生数量有两个高峰期：一个在4月,葫发率为16％;一个在9月,萌发率为10％.全年大部分杂草在3～7月和9月萌发,萌发率为全年的70％.在海南,温度均能满足杂草萌发需要,降雨量是杂草发生的主要限制因子.To fully understand the dynamics of typical weed germination throughout the year in different areas of Hainan,the surveys of weed germination were conducted at fixed point monthly in 7 Cities/Counties from 2008 to 2009.The results show that there are 60 species belongs to 20 families in the samplings,among which the number of Compositae,Gramineae,Amaranthaceae,Leguminosae and Rubiaceae weeds holds 63％ of the total species; invasive alien species has 29,making up 48％ of the total species; dominant species（importance value＞5） has 12,occupying 20％ of the total species.The weed germination reaches 15 species in June,the peak of the year.The average weed germination amount reaches 1 060 plants/0.25m2 in year.The weed germination has two peaks in Hainan,one in April（16％ of total germination） and other in September（10％ of total germination）.Most of weeds are germination in the period from March to July and September,occupying 70％ of the total year germination.Temperature meets requirements of weed germination and rainfall is the main limiting factor for weed germination in Hainan.

关 键 词：优势种 萌发率 萌发高峰 温度和降雨 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]