常规施肥条件下黑土磷盈亏及其有效磷的变化  

Soil Phosphorus Balance and Changes of Olsen-P of Black Soil under Long-term Conventional Fertilization

作　　者：张丽[1] 任意[2] 展晓莹[1] 张淑香[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081 [2]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100026

出　　处：《核农学报》2014年第9期1685-1692,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201003013)

摘　　要：监测和研究黑土磷素盈亏状况及有效磷演变规律,可为黑土肥力的培育、磷资源的持续利用与合理施肥提供科学依据。本文研究了常规施肥条件下18个黑土监测点土壤磷盈亏情况及其有效磷含量的变化。结果表明,常规施肥条件下,磷肥年平均用量为23.29~49.93 kg P·hm^-2,作物吸磷量年平均为21.54~45.52 kg P·hm^-2,年均当季土壤表观磷盈亏大小为-13.33~14.99 kg P·hm^-2。土壤磷盈亏不同导致其有效磷的变化不同,39%的监测点有效磷含量显著升高,年增加速率为0.68~5.10mg·kg^-1;50%的监测点有效磷呈持平状态;11%的监测点有效磷显著下降。经相关性分析,各监测点有效磷的变化量与土壤累积磷呈显著正相关关系,土壤每盈余100 kg P·hm^-2,有效磷可增加5.28 mg·kg^-1。磷肥施用量为36 kg P·hm^-2时土壤表观磷盈亏为零。因此,在有效磷水平为15~50 mg·kg^-1黑土上种植玉米,可将36 kg P·hm^-2作为推荐磷肥用量。Phosphorus （P） budget and changes of Olsen-P in black soil were explored to provide a scientific basis for the cultivation of soil fertility, the sustainable use of P resources and the rational application of P fertilizer. Soil P budgets and changes of soil Olsen P were studied, based on 18 monitoring sites under conventional fertilization condition. The results showed that the average of P application rate ranged from 23.29 kg P. hm^- 2 to 49.93 kg P. hm^ - 2, annual crop P uptake from 21.54 kg P. hm^ - 2 to 45.52 kg P. hm^ - 2, and soil apparent phosphorus budgets from - 13.33 kg P. hm ^- 2 to 14.99 kg P. hm^- 2. The different P budgets in sites led to the conspicuous difference in the changes of soilOlsen-P： significant increase of Olsen-P in 39% of the soils by 0.68 -5.10 mg. kg^-1. a-1, flat state in 50% of soils, significant decrease in 11% of soils. There is a significant positive correlation between changes of Olsen-P and soil accumulated P, and with an average surplus of 100 kg P.hm^-2, the soil Olsen-P increased by 5.28 mg. kg^-1. Soil apparent phosphorus budget was zero at a rate of 36 kg P.hm^-2. So 36 kg P. hm^-2 could be recommended as reasonable P application rate when use maize as the main crop in black soil with the content of Olsen-P from 15 mg.kg^-1 to 50 mg.kg^-1.

关 键 词：常规施肥 黑土 有效磷 磷盈亏 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]