五年定位试验钾肥用量对双季稻产量和施钾效应的影响  

Effect of potassium rates on rice yields and potassium application efficiency in double-rice cropping system under a 5-year located experiment

作　　者：鲁艳红[1,2] 廖育林[1,2] 聂军[1,2] 谢坚[1,2] 杨曾平[1,2] 周兴[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]农业部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站,湖南长沙410125 [3]中南大学研究生院隆平分院,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2014年第3期598-605,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203013;201203030);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B05;2013BAD07B11);国际钾肥研究所(IPI)项目资助

摘　　要：通过5年定位试验(2008 2012年),研究不同钾肥施用量对水稻产量、植株钾素含量、钾素积累量、钾肥利用率、土壤钾素含量、钾素平衡和钾肥经济效益的影响。试验施钾量(K2O)从低到高设K0(不施钾)、K1(早稻84kg/hm2、晚稻105 kg/hm2)、K2(早稻120 kg/hm2、晚稻150 kg/hm2)、K3(早稻156 kg/hm2、晚稻195 kg/hm2)和K4(早稻192 kg/hm2、晚稻240 kg/hm2)5个处理。5年的试验结果表明,施钾能显著提高早、晚稻产量,在一定施钾量范围内,水稻产量随施钾量的增加而增加;施钾能促进水稻植株对钾素的吸收和积累,尤其是稻草对钾素的吸收和积累;早、晚稻的钾肥农学效应均以K2处理最高(早稻3.12 kg/kg、晚稻3.70 kg/kg);钾肥利用率以K1处理最高(早稻41.2%、晚稻76.4%),并随施钾量提高而降低;不同施钾量对土壤钾素含量有明显影响,土壤速效钾、缓效钾和土壤全钾均随施钾量的增加而增加,且不同处理间土壤速效钾含量差异达极显著水平(P<0.01);连续种植5年10季水稻后,K0、K1和K2处理的土壤钾素亏缺(K 127.1 kg/hm2、58.3 kg/hm2和10.8 kg/hm2),亏缺量随施钾量的增加而降低;K3和K4处理的土壤钾素盈余(48.0 kg/hm2和109.2 kg/hm2),盈余量随施钾量的增加而增加。在经济效益上,早、晚稻产投比均以K2处理最高(早稻1.04、晚稻1.27)。综合考虑施钾的增产效应、经济效益和土壤钾素养分平衡等因素,建议该双季稻区早稻施钾量在K2O 120 156 kg/hm2、晚稻施钾量在K2O 150195 kg/hm2范围内较为适宜。Effects of potassium fertilizer application on rice yield , K content in plant, K uptake, K-fertilizer use efficiency , potassium balance and economic benefit were studied by using a five-year （ 2008-2012 ） located experiment in double-rice cropping system .There were five treatments , K0 （ non potassium fertilizer ） , K1 （ K2 O 84 kg/hm^2 in early rice and K2O 105 kg/hm^2 in late rice）, K2 （K2O 120 kg/hm^2 in early rice and K2O 150 kg/hm^2 in late rice）, K3 （K2O 156 kg/hm^2 in early rice and K2O 195 kg/hm^2 in late rice） and K4 （K2O 192 kg/hm^2 in early rice and K2O 240 kg/hm^2 in late rice）.The results show that the K fertilizer application could obviously increase grain yields of early rice and late rice , and under a certain K fertilizer application range , the yield is increased with the increase of potassium application rate .The potassium uptook by rice plant , especially by rice straw is obviously increased with the increase of K fertilizer application amount .The K agronomy efficiency of the K2 treatment is the highest in both early rice （3.12 kg/kg K2 O） and late rice （3.70 kg/kg K2 O） among all the treatments, and the K recovery efficiency of K1 treatment is the highest in both early rice （41.2%） and late rice （76.4%） and the K recovery efficiency is decreased with the increase of K application amount .K fertilizer application could significantly affect K contents in soils , and the contents of available K , slowly available K and total K in soils are increased with the increase of K fertilizer application amount and the differences of available K among treatments are significant （P＆lt;0.01）.The apparent K balance in the soil-crop system is negative in the K0, K1 and K2 treatments （127.1 kg/hm^2 , 58.3 kg/hm^2 and 10.8 kg/hm^2 ） after the five-year rice-cropping and the potassium deficient amount is decreased with the increase of K fertilizer application amount , while the apparent K balance is positive in the K3 and K4 treatments （48.0 kg/hm^2 and 10

关 键 词：钾肥用量 双季稻 产量 施钾效应 定位试验 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]