添加硫酸对牛粪堆肥过程及其养分变化的影响  

Effects of adding sulphuric acid on composting process of cattle manure and changes of main nutrients

作　　者：胡雨彤[1,2] 时连辉[1,2,3] 刘登民[1,2] 仝少伟[1,2] 魏美艳[1,2] 孙杰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [3]山东省农业环境重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [3]山东省农业环境重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2014年第3期718-725,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：“十二·五”国家“948”计划重点项目(2011-G30);国家“十二·五”科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD16B02);国家“十二·五”科技支撑计划项目(2014BAL04B05);泰安市科技发展计划项目(20123064);肥城桃提质增效工程项目资助

摘　　要：为研究不同浓度硫酸对畜禽粪便条垛式堆肥中pH值以及养分含量动态变化的影响,以牛粪和锯末为试验材料,以实验室常用浓硫酸稀释成不同浓度为添加物,在露天进行43 d的条垛式堆肥,测定堆肥过程中温度、水分、pH值、全量和速效养分含量,并以种子发芽指数测定堆肥效果。结果表明,在初始物料中添加0.2 mol/L、0.3mol/L的硫酸对缩短堆肥高温上升期,降低堆肥pH和促进有机质分解,提高堆肥中全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾含量具有明显效果。其中添加0.2 mol/L硫酸堆体在堆肥43天时全氮、全钾、全磷、速效钾、有效磷与堆肥对照相比分别增加了19.51%、13.49%、6.07%、21.39%、9.03%。堆肥结束时各个处理发芽指数均达到80%以上,不会对植物造成毒害作用。整体来说,牛粪堆肥中添加0.2 mol/L的硫酸,堆肥效果最好。本研究为硫酸添加物应用于实际堆肥工程提供了理论依据。In this study , to explore the effects of different concentrations of sulphuric acid on changes of pH and main nutrient elements during the windrow compost , an experiment of cattle manure composting was carried out for 43 days.Besides the control , three mixtures were treated with addition of different concentrations of sulphuric acid , 0.1 mol/L, 0.2 mol/L and 0.3 mol/L.The results show that during 43 days, the sulphuric acid addition treatments at 0.2 mol/L and 0.3 mol/L decrease the stage of initial high temperature , pH and carbon losses significantly, and increase the contents of total N , total K, total P, available potassium and available phosphorus effectively.The total N, total K, total P, available potassium and available phosphorus in the 0.2 mol/L sulphuric acid compost are increased by 19.51%, 13.49%, 6.07%, 21.39% and 9.03% respectively compared to the control in the 43 days.The germination index （ GI） value is over 80%at the end of composting , implying that the phytotoxicity is eliminated completely .On the whole , the addition of the 0.2 mol/L sulphuric acid has the best composting effect .The addition of sulphuric acid can provide technical support and basis for cattle manure composting engineering .

关 键 词：硫酸 牛粪 堆肥 PH 养分变化 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]