外源磷对西瓜生长发育过程中的几个生理生化指标的影响  

Effect of exogenous phosphorus on several physiological and biochemical indexes in growth and development of watermelon

作　　者：陈钢 洪娟[1,2] 葛米红 张利红 叶莉霞 王素萍 

机构地区：[1]武汉市农业科学研究所,湖北武汉430345 [2]华中农业大学资源环境学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2014年第3期768-772,共5页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：武汉市创新基金项目(ycx200901007);IPNI中国项目(HuBei2011-I-1)资助

摘　　要：利用砂培试验研究西瓜在低磷、磷适量和磷过量情况下不同生长时期几个重要的生理生化指标的变化,以便为磷肥的合理施用提供理论依据。结果表明,营养生长期过多的磷素的供应,反映叶绿素含量的SPAD值降低,进而影响作物的光合作用;缺磷症状在苗期开始表现。西瓜开花期磷缺乏,叶片中核酸含量下降,说明此时如果磷的供应不充足,将会减少植物体内核酸的合成,从而影响和抑制作物的生长发育,导致生育期延长和植株瘦弱;过量磷会降低茎杆的纤维素含量,使抗逆性减弱;不同生育期,外源磷对果胶含量的影响趋势不同。In order to provide a theoretical basis for rational application of phosphate fertilizer , a sand culture experiment was conducted to study the change of several important physiological indexes at different growth stages of watermelon under different amounts of exogenous phosphorus .The results indicate that the chlorophyll value-SPAD values are decreased under the excess phosphorus at the vegetative growth period , and thus the crop photosynthesis is affected .The phosphorus deficiency symptoms are appeared at the seedling stage .The nucleic acid content of leaves is decreased at the flowering stage under the phosphorus deficiency , which means the growth and development of watermelon is inhibited if there is no sufficient exogenous phosphorus .The cellulose contents of stems are decreased under the excess supply of phosphate fertilizer , which results in plant resistance reduction . Different trends of the pectin contents at different growth stages are observed under different amounts of exogenous phosphorus .

关 键 词：磷 西瓜 生长发育 生理生化 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]