被“延异”的语言——德里达对索绪尔的批判再审视  

Différanced Language——Re-examination on Derrida's Criticism about Saussure

作　　者：姜永琢[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学,重庆400715

出　　处：《外语学刊》2014年第6期1-6,共6页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：重庆市社科基金项目"后现代性的逻辑根基--索绪尔思想在哲学视域中的重新阐释"(2012BS04);西南大学中央高校基本科研专项资金项目"后现代性的逻辑根基--索绪尔思想在哲学视域中的重新阐释"(SWU1309253)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：德里达批判索绪尔是"语音中心主义",他的符号理论最终同意"先验所指"的古典要求。这一批判是否准确,"延异"与"文字"在多大程度上拓展了索绪尔的语言符号思想,值得质疑。索绪尔认为语言中只有差异,因此他的研究对象既非"语音",更不会是"语音中心主义"。对能指与所指的划分所带来的矛盾,索绪尔有着清醒的认识,语言单位也只是假设,差异原则足以禁止所指滑向"先验所指"。实际上,索绪尔已先于德里达在符号中完成了对于在场形而上学的颠覆。The criticism that Saussure belongs to phonocentrisme and that his theory finally accords with the traditional requirement a- bout transcendental signified is doubtful. Besides, in what degree have diff6rance and archi-ecriture brought improvement in Saussure＇s semiology theory？ According to Saussure＇s theory, there is only difference in language. Therefore what he researched is not sound, and it is incorrect to regard his theory as phonocentrisme. Saussure emphasized any unit in language is not a real exis- tence but a supposed one, which states clearly that he is aware of the contradiction which was brought about by dividing signal into two parts： signifier and signified. The difference principle has already guaranteed that signified will not become transcendental sig- nified. In fact, Saussure has completed in semiology the overturn of metaphysics of presence before Derrida.

关 键 词：语音中心主义 先验所指 索绪尔 德里达 

分 类 号：H0-06[语言文字—语言学]