草原文化遗址区景观格局变化及其生态风险评估——以元上都为例  

Landscape pattern change and ecological risk assessment on the grassland culture relics area-A case of Yuanshangdu

作　　者：甄江红[1] 银山[1] 刘果厚[2] 特日格乐[1] 苏日嘎拉图 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院,呼和浩特010022 [2]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2014年第12期159-165,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(201309040)资助

摘　　要：以元上都草原文化遗址区为研究对象,运用1990、2000、2010年TM影像数据,RS与GIS技术及景观格局分析软件,在对研究区景观结构与景观格局时空变化及其对区域生态环境的影响进行分析的基础上,借助景观干扰指数及景观脆弱度指数,构建生态风险指数开展其生态风险动态评估。结果表明:近20年来,元上都遗址区的景观结构变化较大,其中草地、湿地与沼泽面积均在减少,而耕地、林地、居民点与工矿用地、沙地面积增幅明显;草地景观的优势度降低,景观格局向破碎化、复杂化、多样化与异质化发展。生境质量下降、边缘效应增加、草地生态系统抗干扰能力降低、沙地面积扩张是元上都遗址区生态环境致损受危的风险源;因景观稳定性逐渐降低使其面临的生态风险有加大趋势。Taking Yuanshangdu grassland culture relics as the case study,using the technology of remote sensing,geographical information system and the analysis software of landscape pattern,we analyzed the three sensing images of Yuanshangdu grassland culture relics in 1990,2000 and 2010 to study the temporal and spatial changes of landscape structure and landscape patterns and the impact on regional ecological environment. Based on the landscape disturbance index and landscape fragile index,we constructed the ecological risk index to assess the ecological risk in Yuanshangdu grassland culture relics from 1990 to 2010. The results show that in recent 20 years,the change of landscape structure in Yuanshangdu grassland culture relics was larger,the grassland area,wetlands and marsh area were gradually reduced,while the land for industrial,urban construction and farming purposes as well as desertified land were largely increased. The dominance of grassland landscape was decreased,landscape pattern tended to be fragmented,complicated,diversity and heterogeneity. Habitat quality declining,edge effect increase,the stability and anti disturbance ability of grassland ecosystem reducing and sandy area expand were the risk elements on the ecological environment in Yuanshangdu site; and there was increasing trend of the ecological risk due to the landscape stability declining.

关 键 词：景观格局 时空变化 生态风险指数 草原文化遗址区 元上都 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]