基于自动监测径流场的秸秆覆盖坡耕地产流产沙过程  

Process of Runoff and Sediment Yield in Straw-covered Sloping Fields Based on Automatic Runoff Monitoring Field

作　　者：郑智旗[1] 王树东[1] 何进[1] 王庆杰[1] 李洪文[1] 路战远[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学现代农业装备优化设计北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [2]内蒙古农牧业科学院,呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2014年第12期160-164,138,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：教育部创新团队发展计划资助项目(IRT13039)

摘　　要：设计了一个可用于坡面侵蚀过程研究的自动监测径流场,该径流场主要由6个径流小区和1套模拟降雨装置组成。采用德国UGT径流测量装置,实现地表径流的自动采样和记录。用设计的径流场对秸秆覆盖坡耕地的产流产沙过程进行了研究,结果表明相对于裸露地表,秸秆覆盖能明显降低各径流小区的产流率和产沙率,延缓产流增加趋势,减少产沙总量达54.5%-63.8%。因此,增加坡耕地土壤表面的秸秆覆盖量可有效避免产流在短时间内急剧增加,并能减少对土表的冲刷作用。The design of an automatic water runoff monitoring field was outlined. It consisted of six runoff plots and a rainfall simulator,which was generally used to study erosive processes in sloping fields. A German-made surface runoff measuring device（ Umwelt-Gerate-Technik Gmb H,UGT） was used in this runoff field,which effectively improved sampling efficiency and reduced human error through automatic sampling and recording. The effect of straw cover on runoff processes and sediment yield on sloping fields was investigated using this runoff monitoring field. The results demonstrated that the straw cover could significantly decrease the rates of runoff and sediment deposition,and delay the onset of surface runoff and reduce the total amount of soil loss by 54. 5% - 63. 8%. Maximum retention of plant residues as soil cover can effectively avoid sharp increases in runoff and limit water scouring effects. It is significant for alleviating soil erosion in sloping fields.

关 键 词：径流小区 模拟降雨 产流产沙过程 坡耕地 秸秆覆盖 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]