棉花氮素营养诊断与追肥推荐模型  

Diagnosis of Nitrogen Nutrition and Recommended Model of Topdressing for Cotton

作　　者：李新伟[1] 吕新[1] 张泽[1] 陈剑[1] 石宏刚[1] 田敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832003

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2014年第12期209-214,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2012AA101902);'十二五'国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAD41B02)

摘　　要：利用主动遥感光谱仪Green Seeker进行棉花的氮素营养诊断,建立棉花冠层归一化植被指数(NDVI)的氮素追肥推荐模型,实现棉花氮素的精准管理。利用2011—2012年不同氮肥处理的田间试验数据,建立棉花冠层NDVI与施肥量、NDVI与产量的定量关系,结合氮肥效应函数建立光谱氮素推荐模型,并利用2013年的独立试验数据进行田间验证。结果表明:总体上施氮量增加棉花冠层NDVI值增大,但当氮肥增加到一定量时NDVI值不再增加,在棉花盛蕾期、花期、盛铃期和初絮期,随着氮肥施用量的增加,棉花NDVI值均呈线性增加的趋势;全生育期最佳施氮量为294.7 kg/hm2,棉花盛蕾期、花期、盛铃期和初絮期NDVI临界值分别为0.695、0.833、0.881和0.809;NDVI每低于临界值0.001单位所需施肥量分别为0.24、0.91、1.11和0.16 kg/hm2。经田间验证,在保证产量的前提下,光谱推荐可减少施肥量,缩小地力之间的差异,达到按需施肥的目的。A recommended nitrogen topdressing model was built up using normalized difference vegetation index（ NDVI） of cotton canopy,which was obtained by active Green Seeker sensor for diagnosing the nitrogen nutrition in cotton plant, and the precise management of nitrogen nutrition for cotton by topdressing was realized. The field test data treated with different nitrogen fertilizer levels in 2011 and2012 were obtained,and the quantitative correlations between NDVI and fertilizer rate as well as NDVI and yield of cotton were established. Combining with the nitrogen fertilizer effect function,the best nitrogen application rate was calculated,and the nitrogenous fertilizer recommendation model based on spectra was established and verified by field test data of 2013. The results suggested that NDVI of cotton canopy increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level,and then stopped increasing when nitrogen fertilizer was up to a certain level. The NDVI of cotton canopy presented a liner increasing trend with nitrogen fertilizer rate increasing in four growth stages,full bud,flowering,full boll and early wadding stages,and the corresponding thresholds of NDVI were 0. 695,0. 833,0. 881 and 0. 809,respectively,when the total application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 294. 7 kg / hm^2 during the whole growth period of cotton. In addition,as NDVI decreased by 0. 001 from the thresholds,the amounts of applied nitrogen fertilizer were 0. 24, 0. 91, 1. 11 and 0. 16 kg / hm^2 at four different stages, respectively. Field experiment illustrated that the nitrogenous fertilizer recommendation model could reduce the fertilizer application rate under guaranteeing the cotton yield.

关 键 词：棉花氮素 营养诊断 追肥模型 归一化植被指数 

分 类 号：S127[农业科学—农业基础科学] S562