泸沽湖表层水体浮游动物种群结构及季节变化  

Zooplankton Community Structure and Its Seasonal Variation in the Surface Water of Lugu Lake

作　　者：董云仙[1,2] 王忠泽[3] 

机构地区：[1]云南省环境科学研究院,云南昆明650034 [2]云南高原湖泊流域污染过程与管理重点实验室,云南昆明650034 [3]云南大学生命科学学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2014年第6期38-45,共8页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：云南省科技计划项目(2009CA002)

摘　　要：2010年对泸沽湖表层水体的浮游动物进行了季节调查。结果表明：泸沽湖表层水体有浮游动物33科58属80种，其中，原生动物10科13属19种、轮虫10科22属32种、枝角类4科9属13种、桡足类3科8属10种、其他浮游动物6科6属6种。浮游动物密度219.4～2200.3个／L，年均813.2个／L。其中，原生动物30.0～2400．0个／L，年均660．7个／L，占81．25％；轮虫3．0～780．0个／L，年均145.4个／L，占17.88％；枝角类0～12．0个／L，年均4．1个／L，占0．50％；桡足类0～13．0个／L，年均2.7个／L，占0.33％；其他0～4.0个／L，年均0．3个／L，占0．04％。种类数的季节分布为春季55种、夏季48种、秋季71种、冬季63种；水平分布全湖以鸟岛区域和靠近草海处种类数最丰富，东部较西部丰富，南部较北部丰富，湖周种类较湖心丰富。密度的季节分布为春季693．2个／L、夏季903．4个／L、秋季933．0个／L、冬季722．9个／L；水平分布北部多于南部，东部和西部差距不大，湖心最深区域明显偏低。区系成分大都是生态幅较大的种类，以广温性种类为主，也有一些南方种和冷水性种类分布；生态型则以浮游型种类较多，底栖－周丛型也有一定数量。浮游动物4个类群的优势种都不十分突出，普通表壳虫（Arcella vulgaris）、独角聚花轮虫（Conochilus unicornis）、曲腿龟甲轮虫（Keratella valga）、针簇多肢轮虫（Polyarthra trigla）、透明溞（Daphnia hyaline）、长额象鼻溞（Bosmina longirostris）、西南荡镖水蚤（Neutrodiapto-mus mariadvigae）、短尾近剑水蚤（ Tropocyclops prasinus）常见。影响4个类群密度变动的主要水环境因素，原生动物食物条件，轮虫为水深、水温、总碱度和食物条件，枝角类为水温、溶解氧、矿化度和氨氮，桡足类为水温、透明度、氨氮和矿化度。Lugu Lake is the deep plateau lake on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau with the highest latitude and alti-tude.Study of the zooplankton community in Lugu Lake was first reported in 1983 and focused on Rotifera, Copep-oda and Cladocera, but no published research has been found on the zooplankton of Lugu Lake.To characterize zo-oplankton community structure, a seasonal investigation of the zooplankton in Lugu Lake was carried out in January, April, August and November of 2010 at nine sample sites.Characteristics of the zooplankton community including structure, species composition, distribution and seasonal variation were described and the relationship of zooplankton with water quality and macrophytes were analyzed to reveal the primary factors affecting zooplankton bi-omass.Zooplankton samples for qualitative analysis were collected with a No.25 plankton net and fixed with Lugol′s solution after filtration.For quantitative analysis of protozoa and rotifers, 1 L water samples were collected 0.5 m below surface.For quantitative analysis of copepods and cladocerans, 10 L water sample were filtered with a No.25 plankton net.Counting and species identification in all samples were carried out under a microscope.A total of 80 species of zooplankton, belong to 33 families and 58 genera were observed in Lugu Lake, including Protozoa （10 families, 13 genera and 19 species）, Rotifera （10 families, 22 genera and 32 species）, Cladocera （4 families, 9 genera and 13 species）, Copepoda （3 families, 8 genera and 10 species）, and other taxa （6 families, 6 genera and 6 species） .The range of plankton densities with average number and percent contribution to total zooplankton density in parentheses were as follows：total zooplankton, 219.4-2 200.3 ind/L （813.2 ind/L, 100%）;Proto-zoan, 30.0 -2 400.0 ind/L （ 660.7 ind/L, 81.25%,）; Rotifera; 3.0 -780.0 ind/L, （ 145.4 ind/L, 17.88%）, Cladocera, 0 -12.0 ind/L （4.1 ind/L, 0.50%）; Copepoda, 0 -13.0 ind/L （2.7 ind/L, 0.33%）;other taxa, 0-4.0 ind/L, （0.3

关 键 词：泸沽湖 浮游动物 种群结构 季节变化 

分 类 号：Q179[生物学—水生生物学]