福建省长乐市农村0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查分析  

Epidemiological survey of asthma prevalence in children aged 0 to 14 in Changle rural area in Fujian province

作　　者：郑建云 程潮 邱华波 陈宏超 王子建 陈宇峰 林婷 李钿 陈代润 陈贞灿 陈彬乐 李娟 唐素萍[2] 刘艳琳[2] 华云汉[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建省长乐市妇幼保健院,福建长乐350200 [2]福建省福州儿童医院福建医科大学教学医院,福建福州350005

出　　处：《中国实用儿科杂志》2014年第12期913-917,共5页Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics

基　　金：福州市科研项目(2009-S-99)

摘　　要：目的了解福建省长乐市农村地区0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率与发病危险因素,为农村地区哮喘儿童防治工作提供资料。方法 2010年9月至2011年9月,通过多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,对福建省长乐市农村地区随机抽取的玉田、古槐两个乡镇0～14岁并在当地居住半年以上的儿童6000例,采用全国统一的＂0～14岁儿童哮喘初筛问卷＂进行调查。对初筛出的哮喘患儿现场详细询问病史、查阅病历资料、进行体格检查。对确诊的哮喘、咳嗽变异性哮喘及可疑哮喘的患儿填写哮喘调查表。结果共发放＂0～14岁儿童哮喘初筛问卷＂6000份,收回5860份,应答率为97.67%。儿童哮喘总检出率为2.3%（包括哮喘、咳嗽变性哮喘、可疑哮喘）,其中哮喘患病率为2.03%、可疑哮喘患病率为0.22%、咳嗽变性哮喘为0.05%。哮喘儿童男性81例（2.51%）、女性38例（1.44%）。男女发病比率为1.76∶1。结论长乐市农村0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率为2.03%;0～1岁患病率最低（0.38%）,3～4岁患病率最高（5.32%）,发病诱因以上呼吸道感染多见;个人过敏史、家族史、性别等是儿童哮喘的重要危险因素。Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in children aged 0～14 years old in Changle rural area,providing data for prevention and treatment of childhood asthma in rural area.Methods Multi-stage,stratified and random cluster sampling was used to recruit children. The same screening questionnaires for the national epidemiological survey of children＇s asthma were distributed among parents of children aged 0～14 years old at schools,kindergartens and communities. Asthmatic children were picked among the screening-positive children based on on-the-spot inquiries,physical examinations,medical records and supporting test results.Further survey of asthmatics was carried out to investigate the diagnosis and treatment status of childhood asthma and other associated allergic diseases.Results Among a total of 6000 questionnaires,5860 were completed with a response rate of 96.67%; and 135（2.3%）children were recognized as asthma[typical asthma（n=119,2.03%）,cough variant asthma（n=13,0.22%）and suspected asthma（n=3,0.05%）]. The prevalence of asthma was higher in boys（n=81,2.51%）than in girls（n=38,1.44%）（χ^2=8.27,P〈0.05）.Conclusions The prevalence of asthma is 2.03% in children under 14 years old in Changle rural area and it varies in children with different genders and ages.Taking the age of onset into account,the asthma prevalence was lowest in the children aged 0～1 years old[0.37%（2/533）]and highest[5.32%（20/376）]in those aged 3～4 years old.The main cause of asthma in children is upper respiratory tract infection,and the important risks in-clude individual allergic history,family history and genders.

关 键 词：哮喘 流行病学 患病率 儿童 农村 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]