2000—2010年厦门市儿童哮喘流行病学调查对比分析  

Comparative analysis of epidemiological survey of childhood asthma in Xiamen

作　　者：杨运刚[1] 吴谨准[1] 张建民[1] 朱碧溱[1] 钟胜辉[2] 方玫[3] 沈玉红[4] 杨一民[5] 沈彤 吴星东 陈琪[7] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学附属第一医院儿科,福建厦门361003 [2]厦门市第三医院儿科,福建厦门361100 [3]厦门市第二医院儿科,福建厦门361026 [4]厦门大学附属第一医院杏林分院儿科,福建厦门361022 [5]厦门市中医院儿科,福建厦门361009 [6]厦门市妇幼保健院儿科,福建厦门361003 [7]厦门市中山医院儿科,福建厦门361004

出　　处：《中国实用儿科杂志》2014年第12期918-921,共4页Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics

摘　　要：目的了解2000—2010年间厦门市区0～14岁儿童哮喘发病规律及流行趋势,为儿童哮喘防治方向提供科学依据。方法两次流调的儿童哮喘名册、哮喘初筛表及哮喘调查表均由首都儿科研究所哮喘防治与教育中心提供。所有参加流调的哮喘专科医生进行统一培训,采用整群抽样方法,两次调查样本均10 000名左右。要求花名册上的95%以上儿童都接受本次调查。现场调查中设有质控员进行审核。所有数据均采用双录入。统计方法采用卡方检验。结果 2000年及2010年实际调查人数分别为11 845及11 058人,失访率分别为0.53%及0.9%。2000年及2010年哮喘发病率分别为3.96%及3.03%（P〈0.05）,误诊率分别为35.56%及35.5%（P〉0.05）;2/3的儿童首次发作年龄在3岁以内。2000年及2010年近1年内有过发作者分别为75.6%及71.7%,哮喘住院率分别为45.78%及34.5%。曾患过敏性鼻炎患儿分别占51.28%及59.5%。使用抗生素的比例分别为100.0%及83.4%（P〈0.05）。结论厦门市区0～14岁儿童哮喘的发病率有所下降,误诊率仍达1/3,一半以上的哮喘患儿患有过敏性鼻炎。哮喘的发病率、住院率及抗生素应用比例有所下降。Objective To study the epidemiology of asthmatic children from 0 to 14 years old in the city of Xiamen in a decade,in order to find a scientific basis for future children＇s asthma prevention and treatment.Methods Secondary children＇s asthma epidemiology study roster,preliminary screening and questionnaires were provided by Centre of Asthma Prevention and Education of Chinese Capital Institute of Pediatrics. All the asthma specialists who participated in this study were trained with the same content; we used cluster sampling methods,and nearly 10,000 children were involved in this secondary investigation; 95% of children in the study roster were involved in our investigations. Quality controls were set during the present investigations. All the data were duplex entered into the software of EPI-Info3.5.1（America CDC）. Rate,mean and Chi square statistics were used as statistic methods.Results The actual surveys of children included 11845 and 11508 respectively,and the rate of lost of follow-up was 0.53% and 0.9% respectively in the year of 2000 and 2010. Average of the morbidity of asthma was 3.96% and 3.03% in the year of 2000 and 2010 respectively（P〈0.05）. The rate of misdiagnosis was 35.56% and 35.5% in the year of 2000 and 2010 respectively,（P〈0.05）.Two thirds of the children had their first episode within 3 years old. About 75.6% and 71.7% suffered from asthma within one year in the year of 2000 and 2010 respective-ly. Hospitalization rate of asthma was 45.78% and 34.5% in the year of 2000 and 2010 respectively. About 51.28% and 59.5% children with asthma suffered from allergic rhinitis, and the percentage of using antibiotics was100% and 83.4% in the year of 2000 and 2010 respectively,（P〈0.01）.Conclusions The morbidity of asth-ma in children aged 0～14 years old decreased in a decade in Xiamen city,but the misdiagnosis rate is still near one thirds; more than half of the asthmatic children have allergic rhinitis at the same time. The morbidity,hospitalization rate and the rate of usi

关 键 词：哮喘 流行病学调查 发病率 儿童 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]