光皮树果实高效制油的低温压榨与正丁醇研磨浸提技术  

Combination Technology of Low Temperature Press and n-Butanol Grinding Extraction for Swida Wilsoniana Fruits Oil

作　　者：肖志红[1,2] 刘汝宽[2] 李昌珠[2] 吴晓芙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,长沙410004 [2]湖南省林业科学院,长沙410004

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2014年第12期54-59,共6页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD22B04);国家林业局公益项目(201304608);湖南省自然科学基金(14JJ2141)

摘　　要：光皮树是一种重要的油料植物,其果实全果含油,平均含油率约为28.02%(干基)、蛋白质质量分数为7.25%(干基)、自然干燥时的含水率为8.19%。通过单因素试验和正交试验,建立了适合光皮树果实高效制油的"低温压榨-正丁醇研磨浸提"绿色新工艺,实现了光皮树果实油和磷脂的同步提取。整个工艺过程温度不超过80℃,低温压榨和正丁醇研磨浸提工序分别实现油脂提取率76.30%和86.20%,总油脂提取率达到96.73%;综合实现光皮树果实饼粕残油可以降低至0.93%,同时磷脂提取率为81.38%。光皮树果实毛油经过高温水化脱胶、萃取脱酸和白土脱色等操作得到光皮树果实精炼油,其不饱和脂肪酸质量分数约占72%,其中油酸约为29.83%,亚油酸约为39.15%,亚麻酸为2.59%,是一种优质的食用油脂。Swida wilsoniana is an important oil plant of which the whole fruits contain oils. The oil content of fruits from Swida wilsoniana is about 28.02% （dry basis） or more. The protein content is 7.25% （dry basis） and the water content is about 8.19%, when natural drying. Through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, a new green technology was established to extract fruits oil from swida wilsoniana which can be used as a new kind of fuel plant resources, achieving simultaneous extraction of fruits oil and phospholipids from swida wilsoniana. Under the optimized conditions, 76.30% oil could be pressed from the fruits by low temperature press process, and the 86.20% oil could be extracted from the cake by using n -butanol. The total oil yield could be up to 96.73% and the residual oil of cake was 0.93%. Meanwhile, 81.38% phospholipids could be extracted. Through process of high temperature degumming, solvent extraction deacidification and bleaching by clay, the fruits oil was refined. The fruits oil had about 72% unsaturated fatty acids, of which approximately oleic acid was 29.83% and linoleic acid was 39.15% , linolenic acid was 2.59%.

关 键 词：光皮树 果实油 低温压榨 研磨 浸提 正丁醇 

分 类 号：TS224[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]