尾水采用室后交汇布置的水电站过渡过程研究  

Hydraulic transients in hydropower station with bifurcated pipes converging behind tailrace surge tank

作　　者：俞晓东[1] 张健[1,2] 陈胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水利水电学院,南京210098 [2]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2014年第6期142-148,共7页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51409087);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20130839);水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室开放基金(2013B116)

摘　　要：本文基于一维瞬变流理论和特征线法,推导了室后交汇形式的尾水调压室过渡过程数学模型,并结合该类水电站的实际水道布置及机械特性,建立引水发电系统过渡过程计算模型,模拟了电站今后运行中可能出现的过渡过程工况;研究了该类型调压室阻抗孔口面积对电站过渡过程的影响。结论表明:稳定工况下,该类调压室各孔口存在较大进出流量,阻抗孔口面积越大,进出流量越大,但对调压室水位及机组水头影响不大;非恒定流工况下,单个阻抗孔口的面积不同时,对水锤压力的反射效果不同,当阻抗孔口面积总和一定时,调压室的涌浪过程相同。相关结论可为类似工程的设计及运行提供参考。This paper derives a mathematical model of hydraulic transients for a system with bifurcated pipes converging behind a tailrace surge tank based on the method of characteristics （MOC）. A corresponding numerical model has been developed using the data of a real hydropower station with the same configuration of pipe bifurcation and surge tank, and a simulation of the probable transient process in this system is conducted, focusing on the influence of throttle orifices on the transient behaviors. The results show that in steady flow condition, the bidirectional flows passing through the orifices are significant in volume and a greater cross-sectional area of the orifice results in a larger discharges of the bidirectional flows but little effect on the tank level and the water head of generator unit. In unsteady flow condition, if the cross-sectional area of an individual orifice is different, then it produces different refection to water hammer but the surge process occurring in the tank would be the same as long as the sum of cross-sectional areas of all the orifices is fixed. The conclusion is helpful to design and operation of similar hydraulic transient systems.

关 键 词：水电站 过渡过程 尾水调压室 数学模型 

分 类 号：TV134[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]