地膜覆盖对杂交谷子光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of different plastic mulching patterns on photosynthetic characteristics,yield,and water use efficiency of hybrid millet

作　　者：姜净卫[1,2] 董宝娣[2] 司福艳[2] 王晓明 张秋英[2] 师长海[2] 乔匀周[2] 刘月岩[2] 李全起[1] 刘孟雨[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心、河北省节水农业重点实验室、中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室,河北石家庄050021 [3]张家口市农业科学院谷子研究所,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2014年第6期154-158,194,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD06B02-3;2012BAD08B02;2013BAD05B02);国家自然科学基金(31100191);河北省自然科学基金(C2012503003)

摘　　要：试验在河北省张家口市农科院宣化试验站(115°3'N,40°63'E)进行,研究了露地平地种植、全膜平铺平地种植、沟植不覆盖地膜、垄膜覆盖膜侧沟植4种种植方式下地膜覆盖对张杂谷3号光合作用等生理特征、产量及水分利用的影响。试验结果表明,地膜覆盖使平播及沟植条件下的籽粒产量分别增加13.25%和6.64%,叶片水势提高0.16 MPa和0.09 MPa,叶片光合速率提高10.87%和15.69%,蒸腾速率提高8.5%和15.95%,气孔导度提高0.0092 mol·m-2·s-1和0.0284 mol·m-2·s-1,叶片水分利用效率提高13.80%和1.80%。从以上结果得出:(1)地膜覆盖改善了植株水分状态,叶片水势和叶绿素含量均提高,植株生长旺盛;使叶片的光合等生理活动维持较高水平;植株水分利用效率提升,从而促进了籽粒产量的显著提高;(2)平播条件下覆膜的增产效果较平地播种、无膜沟植、垄膜沟植更加明显。The experiment was conducted at Xuanhua Station of Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Science （115° 3′N ,40°63′E） ,with the aims of investigating the effect of different plastic mulching patterns on photosynthesis ,grain yield ,and water use efficiency in hybrid millet“Zhang 3” .Four treatments were performed ,including flat planting and no mulching ,full mulching and flat planting ,no mulching and furrow seeding ,and ridge mulching and furrow seeding . Compared with no mulching ,the yield was increased by 13 .25% and 6 .64% ,leaf water potential by 0 .16 MPa and 0 .09 MPa ,photosynthetic rate by 10 .87% and 15 .69% ,transpiration rate by 8 .5% and 15 .95% ,stomatal conduc-tance by 0 .0092 and 0 .0284 mol · m^-2 · s^-1 , and water use efficiency of leaf by 13 .80% and 1 .80% for plastic mulching in normal and furrow planting patterns ,respectively .The results indicated that plastic mulching could improve the plant water status ,as well as increase the leaf water potential and chlorophyll content ,thus maintaining higher leaves physiological activity ,increasing the water use efficiency ,and achieving a significant higher grain yield .The promoting effect on yield in full mulching and normal planting patterns was better than those in the other three patterns .

关 键 词：杂交谷子 地膜覆盖 光合特性 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S515.048[农业科学—作物学]