不同施肥处理对辣椒根际土壤微生物区系和酶活性的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Soil Microbial Community and Enzyme Activities in Hot Pepper

作　　者：郭小强[1] 毛宁[1] 张希彪[1] 刘灵霞[1] 王凤琴[1] 肖朝霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省高校陇东生物资源保护与利用省级重点实验室/陇东学院生命科学与技术学院,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2014年第6期123-126,共4页Crops

基　　金：甘肃省高校研究生导师计划项目(1110-03)

摘　　要：以单施有机肥(CK)为对照,研究了单施生物菌肥、单施化肥及化肥+生物菌肥混合施用等3种不同处理对辣椒根际土壤微生物组成和酶活性变化的影响。结果表明,单施菌肥处理中,辣椒根际土壤细菌和真菌数量较CK显著增加,增幅分别达到49.46%和40.25%,放线菌数量有所下降;菌肥+化肥处理中,细菌数量较CK增加了16.55%,放线菌和真菌数量有所减少;纯化肥处理中,细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均显著下降。施用菌肥后土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性均较CK显著增加。其中单施菌肥处理土壤中,过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性均较CK大幅增加,分别增加了33.9%、396.4%和30.1%。施用生物菌肥可增加土壤微生物功能群数量,改善土壤微生态环境和土壤氮素营养循环,提高土壤酶活性和土壤肥力。This study investigated the effects of three different fertilizer treatments （ compost fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, compost fertihzer mixed with chemical fertilizer） on soil microbes and enzyme activities in the root zones of hot pepper. The results showed that the total amount of soil bacteria and fungi in the compost fertilizer treatment increased significantly by 49.46% and 40.25% , respectively. The amount of actinomyces declined, compared to the control treatment. The amount of soil bacteria in the bacterial fertilizer ＋ chemical fertilizer treatment increased by 16.55% ,while the amont of actinomyces and fungi decreased. The amount of bacteria, actinomyces and fungi decreased in the chemical fertilizer treatmeat. The catalase, urease, phosphatase and protease activity increased in all of the three treatments. The catalase, urease, and protease activity in the compost fertilizer treatment increased by 33.9 %, 396.4% and 30.1%, respectively. Results indicated that compost fertilizer could increase the soil en- zyme activity,the amount and diversity of soil microbes, soil nitrogen cycle as well as soil fertility.

关 键 词：辣椒 生物菌肥 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学] S154[农业科学—园艺学]