用于浅层气藏识别的地震处理技术  

Seismic data processing techniques for shallow gas reservoir identification

作　　者：陈志德[1] 赵忠华[2] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省大庆市大庆油田勘探开发研究院地震处理一室,163712 [2]大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院,黑龙江大庆163712

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2014年第5期857-865,818,共9页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

摘　　要：鉴于浅层地震资料的有效覆盖次数少、受近地表变化影响大、采集变观造成局部数据缺失等原因,应用常规针对中深层目标的地震资料处理技术不能满足浅层气藏识别与描述的要求。本文基于大庆长垣构造多个三维地震区块浅层气地震资料处理实践,应用了四项针对性地震数据处理技术,包括叠前数据规则化、振幅属性约束空变切除、浮动基准面叠前时间偏移、CRP道集四维噪声压制。与常规处理成果相比,浅层气目标处理成果的品质得到提高,表现在资料的频带展宽、信噪比提高、断层清晰,采集变观区域资料缺口变小,反射同相轴连续性增强,且浅层气藏的地震反射特征明显,易于识别。Seismic data from shallow layers is characterized by lower folds and missing data due to surface and near surface conditions,especially with irregular geometry.On the other hand,focusing on middle depth layer imaging,conventional data processing approaches are not suitable for shallow gas reservoir identification.Based on our yearsexperiences of data processing,we adopt 4techniques for shallow seismic data processing such as pre-stack data regularization,amplitude-constrained space variant muting,floating datum PSTM,and 4D noise attenuation in CRP gathers.Compared with previous processing results,the data processed with our approaches is characterized by higher fidelity,wider bandwidth,and more continuous events with clearer faults and shallow gas characteristics,which is very helpful for gas reservoirs identification.

关 键 词：浅层气藏 叠前数据规则化 空变切除 浮动基准面 噪声压制 最大有效炮检距 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]