基于多因素耦合的圆度测量误差计算与仿真  

Error Calculation and Emulation in Roundness Measurement Based on Multi-Factor Coupling

作　　者：张小强[1] 马增帅[2] 曾悦[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所,四川绵阳621900 [2]清华大学精密仪器系精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2014年第12期1-4,共4页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：国家重大仪器设备开发专项基金(2011YQ130043)

摘　　要：圆度是指轴、孔类零件轮廓接近理论圆的程度。不同于一般所见即所得的测量方式,圆度通常在专用的测量仪器圆度仪上完成相对轮廓数据的采集、后处理和计算等步骤得到。针对圆度测量过程中工件放置偏心和测头安装偏心两个突出问题造成的圆度测量误差,详细分析了其误差产生机理和相互耦合关系,并通过Matlab计算仿真,从定性和定量两方面给出了两类偏差的调整参考值。计算结果表明,零件放置偏心并不会直接影响圆度计算结果,但会加剧直径误差和测头安装偏心对圆度计算的影响;测头安装偏心会导致被测极半径矢量失真,间接影响圆度计算结果。根据一般测量精度不大于0.01μm的要求,得出被测工件放置偏心应小于0.2mm、测头安装偏心应小于0.4mm。Roundness refers to closeness of outline of shaft or hole parts compared with theoretical circle. Unlike usual measurement, relative roundness profile data collection is usually done in dedicated roundness measuring equipment, after post-processing and calculation steps. There may be two common factors cause roundness measurement error, placing the workpiece eccentrically and mounting the probe eccentrically. There will be detailed analysis about these two factors and their mutual coupling mechanism. Errors will be simulated and calculated by MATLAB, and both qualitatively and quantitatively adjusted reference values are given. The results show that the eccentric of parts does not directly affect the roundness, but it will exacerbate the impact of actual error and error caused by probe mounting eccentrically; probe mounted eccentrically lead to distortion of the measured polar radius vector, and indirect effects calculation results. According to the general accuracy requirements of not more than 0.01μm, workpiece placed eccentric shall be less than 0.2mm, the probe should be less than 0.4mm eccentric installation.

关 键 词：圆度 偏心 计算仿真 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG834[金属学及工艺—公差测量技术]