新梢内源激素变化对设施葡萄花芽孕育的影响  

The Influence of Changes of Endogenous Hormones in Shoot on the Grapes Flower Bud Differentiation in Greenhouse

作　　者：王海波[1] 赵君全 王孝娣[1] 史祥宾[1] 王宝亮[1] 郑晓翠[1] 刘凤之[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所/农业部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2014年第23期4695-4705,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41101573);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(nycytx-30-zp);农业部"948"重点项目(2011-G28);国家外专局项目(Y20130326001)

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究花芽分化进程中葡萄新梢内源激素的变化规律,明确激素对设施促早栽培葡萄花芽孕育的影响,为解决设施葡萄促早栽培中"隔年结果"问题提供理论依据。【方法】以4年生贝达嫁接的‘京蜜’(V.vinifera cv.Jingmi,耐弱光品种,在日光温室促早栽培条件下不需采取任何措施即可连年丰产)与‘夏黑’(V.vinifera-V.labrusca cv.Summer Black,非耐弱光品种,在日光温室促早栽培条件下需采取更新修剪措施方能连年丰产)为试材,进行设施促早栽培(‘京蜜’和‘夏黑’)和露地栽培(‘夏黑’)处理。采集基部第1节粗度大于0.5 cm的葡萄新梢,选取其上2—3节冬芽主芽作为研究对象,借助石蜡切片法绘制取样时期—分化比率花芽分化进程图,观察其花芽分化进程;同时借助酶联免疫法测定新梢基部2—3节枝段赤霉素(GAs)、细胞分裂素(ZRs)、脱落酸(ABA)和生长素(IAA)等内源激素含量和比值的变化。【结果】新梢内源激素含量变化:与成花极差的设施促早栽培‘夏黑’不同,成花良好的设施促早栽培‘京蜜’和露地栽培‘夏黑’自雏梢生长点的未分化期(新梢展5—7叶)至雏梢生长点的顶分期(初花期)新梢内源ZRs含量一直呈稳定上升趋势;自雏梢生长点的半球/平顶分化盛期(花穗分离期)至始原始体分化盛期(坐果期)新梢内源ABA含量迅速增加;自雏梢生长点的未分化期(新梢展5—7叶)至始原始体分化盛期(果实膨大初期)新梢内源GAs的含量呈降-升-降的变化趋势;在整个花芽分化进程中新梢内源IAA的含量较高。新梢内源激素含量比值变化:与成花极差的设施促早栽培‘夏黑’不同,成花良好的设施促早栽培‘京蜜’和露地栽培‘夏黑’于花穗分离期(雏梢生长点半球/平顶期至顶分期)和果实膨大期(始原始体至花序主轴及各小穗原基形成期的分化盛期)新梢内源ZRs/GAs的比值显著增加;自【Objective 】 The objective of this experiment is to study the changes of endogenous hormones in grape shoots during the flower bud differentiation process and analyze its functions on grape flower bud formation and to provide a theoretical basis for solving the problem of ＂alternate bearing＂ in grape facilities and promoting early cultivation.【Method】Four-year-old beta grafted ‘Jingmi＇（V. vinifera CV. Jingmi, a weak light resistant variety, sustainable productivity can be obtained under early maturing cultivation in sunlight greenhouse without taking any measures） and ‘Summer Black＇（V.vinifera-V. labrusca CV. Summer Black, a weak light unresistant variety, sustainable productivity can be obtained under early-maturing cultivation in sunlight greenhouse needs renewal pruning） were used as materials, the experimental treatments of early maturing promoting cultivation in greenhouse（‘Jingmi＇and ‘Summer Black＇） and the opening field cultivation（‘Summer Black＇） were designed, the process of flower bud differentiation in sampling period and the differentiation ratio were maped and the flower bud differentiation process was observed by means of paraffin sectioning, through collecting the grape shoots which its roughness of the first node was greater than 0.5 cm and choosing the main winter bud of 2-3 nodes as the research material. At the same time, the contents of GAs, ZRs, ABA and IAA and the ratio of endogenous hormone levels of shoots base 2-3 nodes period were determined by using enzyme-linked immunoassay. 【Result】 The changes of endogenous hormones content in shoot were observed as follows： They were different from ‘Summer black＇ with the poorest flowering in greenhouse, endogenous ZRs contents in shoots of ‘Jingmi＇ with good flowering in greenhouse and ‘Summer black＇ in open field showed a steadily rising trend since undifferentiation stage of embryo shoot growing point（5-7 leaves separated） to bipartite stage of embryo shoot growing point（earl

关 键 词：葡萄 花芽孕育 新梢 内源激素 设施栽培 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S628[农业科学—园艺学]