冷战后意大利的地缘政治思想  

Italian Geopolitical Thinking in the Post-Cold War Era

作　　者：葛汉文[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京国际关系学院国际战略研究中心

出　　处：《国际展望》2014年第5期111-130,154,共20页Global Review

基　　金：2012年度国家社会科学基金课题项目"冷战后世界各国地缘政治思想的发展;特色及其国际政治意义研究"(批准号12CGJ022)成果组成部分

摘　　要：历史上意大利的地缘政治研究共出现过法西斯执政时期与冷战后两次学术高潮。由于与法西斯主义的不光彩联系,意大利地缘政治研究在二战结束后陷于沉寂,一度成为学术"禁区"。冷战结束后的地区秩序大变动、传统与非传统安全挑战快速增加,为意大利地缘政治研究的复兴创造了有利环境。在重新思考地缘政治本体论基础上,意大利地缘政治研究明确提出地缘政治研究应为政治决策服务、为捍卫国家利益服务的主张,围绕加强对意周边安全事务的介入、反思欧洲政策、巩固发展意美"特殊伙伴关系"等战略问题提出一系列重要观点。很大程度上,冷战后意大利地缘政治研究在精神气质和叙事方式上显示出浓重的经典地缘政治风格,但其理论建构仍不完备。尽管如此,作为意大利国内政治发展的有机组成部分,冷战后的意大利地缘政治研究仍发挥了广泛的学术、社会和政治影响,其部分观点对21世纪头十年意大利外交政策转型起到重要的推动作用。Two occasions of upsurge of geopolitical studies happened in modern history of Italy during the inter-war period and post-Cold War era. Because of the ignominious relation with Fascism, geopolitical studies in Italy became an intellectual taboo in the post-war era. After the end of the Cold War, instability of regional order and increasing traditional and non-traditional challenges provided the general background for the revival of geopolitical studies in Italy. Based on rethinking the ontology of geopolitics, Italian geopolitical scholars clearly claimed the principle that geopolitical studies should serve the policy making process and national interests by focusing on issues such as intervention in adjacent regions' security affairs and rethinking European policy and the development of Italy-US relations. The post-Cold War geopolitical thinking in Italy inheriting from traditional methodology and many ideas of classic geopolitics, exposed some shortages in theory building. As one part of political process in the post-Cold War Italy, geopolitical thinking played great intellectual, social and political influence in domestic society, especially in Italian foreign policy transition in the first decade of the 21st century.

关 键 词：意大利 地缘政治思想 外交战略 

分 类 号：K901.4[历史地理—人文地理学]