水库磷收支及其调控措施研究进展  

Research progress on phosphorus budgets and regulations in reservoirs

作　　者：申校 李叙勇[1] 张汪寿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心/城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第12期3673-3682,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院"一三五"项目(YSW2013B02-4);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室科研专项(SKLURE2013-1-05);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07203010)资助

摘　　要：磷是主要的富营养化限制性因子,其收支途径和调控措施的研究是水库生态安全的重要保障.为推动水库磷的系统研究,进一步完善磷调控体系,本文归纳了水库磷的收支途径,分析了不同因素对磷收支的影响,并对常规调控措施进行了梳理.水库磷输入的主要来源包括上游河流、地表径流、生活生产污染、养殖投入、大气沉降和底泥释放.其中上游河流的输入是水库磷最大的来源.磷主要的输出途径为泄洪或放水,并受不同排水方式的影响.另外生物收获也会输出部分磷.水库磷收支平衡受水库功能、水文条件和水体理化性质等因素的影响,不同季节和地域的收支情况差异很大.在磷的调控治理上,人工湿地、前置库、底泥疏浚和生物操纵法是目前采取的主要措施.为有效去除磷,需根据水库不同生态特性和水质管理目标,选择或结合多种不同的调控方式.因此,未来的研究应突出水库生态特性,进一步对水库磷收支及其影响因素进行系统分析,并开展水库磷收支与其他营养物质之间影响关系的研究,在此基础上构建科学完善的管理体系,是有效削减水库磷的根本保障.Phosphorus is an important limiting factor of water eutrophication. A clear understanding of its budget and regulated method is fundamental for reservoir ecological health. In order to pro- mote systematic research further and improve phosphorus regulation system, the budget balance of reservoir phosphorus and its influencing factors were concluded, as well as conventional regulation and control measures. In general, the main phosphorus sources of reservoirs include upstream in- put, overland runoff, industrial and domestic wastewater, aquaculture, atmospheric deposition and sediment release. Upstream input is the largest phosphorus source among them. The principal out- put path of phosphorus is the flood discharge, the emission load of which is mainly influenced by drainage patterns. In addition, biological harvest also can export a fraction of phosphorus. There are some factors affecting the reservoir phosphorus balance, including reservoirs＇ function, hydro- logical conditions, physical and chemical properties of water, etc. Therefore, the phosphorus bud- gets of different reservoirs vary greatly, according to different seasons and regions. In order to re- duce the phosphorus loading in reservoirs, some methods are carried out, including constructed wet- lands, prefix reservoir, sediment dredging, biomanipulation, etc. Different methods need to be cho- sen and combined according to different reservoirs＇ characteristics and water quality management goals. Thus, in the future research, it is reasonable to highlight reservoir ecological characteristics and proceed to a complete and systematic analysis of the inherent complexity of phosphorus budget and its impact factors for the reservoirs＇ management. Besides, the interaction between phosphorus budget and other nutrients in reservoirs also needs to be conducted. It is fundamental to reduce the reservoirs＇ phosphorus loading to establish a scientific and improved management system based on those researches.

关 键 词：水库生态系统 磷收支 影响因素 磷调控 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]