饮食干预对腹膜透析患者营养状况的影响  

The effect of diet intervention on nutritional status in patients with peritoneal dialysis

作　　者：张静娟[1] 薛芃石[1] 赵白雪[1] 吴迪[1] 于锐[1] 张蓓茹[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳市中国医科大学附属盛京医院肾内科,110004

出　　处：《中华护理杂志》2015年第1期62-65,共4页Chinese Journal of Nursing

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目(201102272)

摘　　要：目的探讨饮食干预对腹膜透析患者营养状态的影响。方法对52例腹膜透析患者进行饮食评估,并给予营养宣教及饮食干预,比较饮食干预前及干预后3个月、6个月患者各营养参数的变化情况。结果 52例患者中蛋白质摄入不足28例,热量摄入不足17例。而蛋白质和热量摄入不足患者中,主观综合性营养评估(SGA)评分提示营养不良的发生率明显增加(P<0.05)。对患者进行营养宣教及饮食干预前患者SGA评分为(11.05±2.55)分,干预后3个月SGA评分为(9.92±2.21)分,到第6个月时下降至(8.38±1.29)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而血清白蛋白和前白蛋白水平在干预前分别为(34.55±5.15)g/L和(0.29±0.07)mg/L,干预后6个月分别上升至(37.14±4.39)g/L和(0.35±0.08)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论及时对患者进行营养评估,并进行个体化的营养宣教及饮食干预可以有效改善腹膜透析患者的营养状况,降低营养不良的发生率。Objective To evaluate the effect of nutrition management on nutrition status in patients with peritoneal dialysis （PD）. Methods A total of 52 PD patients received dietary assessment,nutritional education and management. The nutrition parameters at baseline and 3 and 6 months after intervention were monitored. Results Among 52 PD patients,there were 28 cases with dietary protein intake under target value,and 17 cases with dietary energy intake under target value. The incidence of malnutrition rated by Subjective Global Assessment（SGA） was higher in patients with low dietary protein and energy intake （P〈0.05）. After intervention,the SGA score significantly decreased from 11.05±2.55 at baseline to 9.92±2.21 at 3 months and 8.38±1.29 at 6 months（P〈0.05）. Meanwhile,the levels of serum albumin and prealbumin increased from 34.55±5.15g/L and 0.29±0.07mg/L at baseline to 37.14±4.39g/L and 0.35±0.08mg/L after 6 months,respectively（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Timely nutrition assessment,individualized nutritional education and management can improve the nutritional status of PD patients and reduce the incidence of malnutrition.

关 键 词：腹膜透析 营养不良 饮食干预 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]