温度和盐度对南移养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)胚胎和幼体发育的影响  

Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Embryonic and Larval Development of Cultured Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) in Southern Zhejiang Sea Area

作　　者：胡利华[1,2,3] 周朝生[4,2,3] 吴洪喜[2,3] 陆荣茂[1,2,3] 黄振华[2,3] 蔡景波[2,3] 胡园[2,3] 郑忠明[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教育部应用海洋生物技术重点实验室,浙江宁波315211 [2]浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,浙江温州325005 [3]浙江省近岸水域生物资源开发与保护重点实验室,浙江温州325005 [4]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《宁波大学学报（理工版）》2015年第1期8-14,共7页Journal of Ningbo University：Natural Science and Engineering Edition

基　　金：浙江省重大科技专项(2008C02009);浙江省海洋经济与渔业新兴产业项目(2013108);温州市渔业科技项目(2011263);温州市水产增养殖技术创新团队项目(C20120004)

摘　　要：采用浙江省苍南县养殖海区人工越冬养殖、性腺成熟的刺参为材料,观察并描述了精卵排放至稚参的整个胚胎发育和幼体变态过程,温度和盐度对其胚胎和幼体发育的影响.结果表明,在水温21℃,盐度28.6‰,pH 8.0的条件下,整个胚胎发育过程需要31 h左右,变态发育至稚参需13～15 d.不同水温和盐度对受精卵的孵化率、胚胎发育和幼体的变态时间有显著影响.南移刺参胚胎和幼体发育适宜的水温范围为18～21℃,水温下降至15℃不能受精,适宜的盐度范围为28.6‰～32.4‰,盐度降低至20.5‰或升高至39.1‰,受精卵均不能正常发育.The Apostichopus japonicus in artificial overwintering cultivation in southern Zhejiang Cangnan county sea area are selected to be fertilized through hasten parturition, and the cell biology phenomena, such as the fertilization, segmentation of ovum ,larval and juveniles development, are observed with the microscope. The whole process of embryonic development, larval and juveniles development of Apostichopus japonicus is recorded in detail through microscopic photography. The results show that, with 21 ℃, salinity of 28.6%0, the condition of pH 8.0, the whole process of embryonic development requires 31 h, and the metamorphosis to juveniles takes 13- 15 d. There is significant influence of different temperature and salinity on hatching rate of fertilized eggs, embryos and larvae metamorphosis time. The optimum incubation temperature is found to be 18-21℃, It cannot be fertilized when temperature drops to 15℃. The optimum salinity is 28.6‰-32.4‰, and when the salinity is reduced to 20.5‰ or increased to 39.1‰, the fertilized eggs cannot develop normally.

关 键 词：刺参 受精 胚胎发育 幼体发育 

分 类 号：S96[农业科学—水产养殖]