日本近世武士的忠诚观念及其演变  

The Concept and Its Evolution of Fidelity in Modern Japan

作　　者：王志[1] 王晓峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院,吉林长春130024 [2]吉林省社会科学院日本研究所,吉林长春130031

出　　处：《史学集刊》2015年第1期81-87,共7页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：2009年国家社会科学基金项目"传统的继承与创造--明治时期武士道论研究(09BSS009)"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：日本封建武士一向以忠诚著称,但武士的忠诚只是主从之间的私忠,而不是中国儒家提倡的君臣之间所应建立的公忠,其效忠的对象是自己的主君,而不是天皇。但到了近世以后,武士忠诚的对象开始从对主君个人转向主君所代表的集团,尤其是随着儒家"大义名分"论的宣传和民族危机的加深,武士的忠诚观念由多元化转变为一元化,即武士从分别效忠各自的主君向效忠天皇一人转变,在这一过程中,吉田松阴的尊皇武士道思想发挥了重要作用。忠诚一元化理论的完成,为近代日本中央集权国家的建立奠定了思想基础。Japanese feudal warriors are famous for being loyal to their masters. However, this fidelity is private loyalty between maters and their subordinates instead of the public loyalty between the monarchs and their ministers, which means that the warriors owed allegiance to their masters but not the emperor. In modern times, the warriors began to show loyalty to the group which represented by their masters. Especially with the publicity of Confucian doctrine of ＂being responsible for one＇s country＂ and the deepening of nation- transformation. The completion of a unified concept of fidelity laid the ideological foundation for the establishment of a centralized state of modern Japan.

关 键 词：日本 武家社会 武士道 忠诚 

分 类 号：K313[历史地理—历史学]