不对称社会困境中的决策:行为的双重模式  

Decision Making in Asymmetric Social Dilemmas: A Dual Mode of Action

作　　者：刘长江[1,2] 郝芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097 [2]南京师范大学道德教育研究所,南京210097

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2015年第1期1-10,共10页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：南京师范大学百名青年领军人才培养计划项目和南京师范大学"青蓝工程"优秀青年骨干教师培养计划项目资助

摘　　要：社会困境中的互依结构与不对称关系共同造就了两种不同且稳定的社会知觉模式。与此相应,个体存在两种行为模式,即(1)关注于力量与分层的垂直模式;(2)关注于道德与和谐的水平模式。在不对称社会困境中,那些在社会中占据强势位置的个体更可能采取垂直取向的行为模式,从而做出背叛选择,而那些占据弱势位置的个体则更可能采取水平取向的行为模式,从而做出合作选择。然而,个体动机会改变这种不对称社会结构与社会困境中决策之间的关系。这一观点很好地解释了相关研究,但仍需要深入发展和检验。Interdependence structure and asymmetric relation in social dilemmas come together to cultivate two different but stable modes of social perception. Consequently, individuals behave in two different ways： a vertical mode of action oriented to strength and hierarchy, and a horizontal mode oriented to morality and harmony. When facing asymmetric social dilemmas, those who are relatively strong in their social position are inclined to behave in a vertical mode and thus decide to defect; while those who are relatively weak tend to act in a horizontal mode and thus decide to cooperate. However, individuals＇ motives strongly moderate the relationship between asymmetric social structure and decision making in social dilemmas. This view explains well the experimental research done by the authors; however it still needs further development and additional tests.

关 键 词：决策 社会困境 不对称 行为模式 合作 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]