降低决策冲动性的方法及其神经机制  

The Methods and Neural Basis of Reducing Decision-making Impulsivity

作　　者：汪强[1] 张恩茂[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]宁波大红鹰学院,宁波315175

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2015年第1期101-109,共9页Advances in Psychological Science

摘　　要：大量实验研究显示,成瘾患者、多动症患者和病态赌博者在决策中表现出冲动偏好。目前研究冲动性决策偏好的经典实验范式是延迟折扣任务。通过延迟折扣任务,心理学家揭示了冲动性决策偏好的神经机制并构建了多种理论,包括单一系统评价理论、双系统评价理论、自我控制理论和自我参照加工理论。基于这些理论,已经发展出了多种降低决策冲动性的方法,包括想象未来具体事件、工作记忆训练、预先承诺以及提高血液中葡萄糖水平,其背后的神经机制是通过认知控制和价值表征理论来实现的。未来研究方向需集中于价值计算、价值系统和多体素模式分析(MVPA)在改善决策冲动性以及内在机制研究上的应用。A large number of studies have shown that patient including addiction, ADHD, and pathological gamblers arz more likely to make impulsive decisions. At present, the experimental paradigm used to investigate decision-making impulsivity is the delay discounting task in which participants should choose from either a small and sooner reward or a larger and later reward. With this task, psychologists have explored the neural mechanism of impulsivity in decision-making and proposed several theories including the single-waluation system theory, dual-valuation system theory, self-control theory and self-referential processing theory. Based on these theories, a variety of methods have been developed to reduce the impulsivity ：in decision making, including episodic future thinking, pre-commitment, improving the ability of working raemory, and increasing the blood glucose levels. The neural basis of reducing the impulsivity of decision-malting was generalized by the cognitive-control theory and value-representation theory. Finally, we proposed future research directions and implications of value computation, value system and multi-voxel pattern analysis in the domain of decision-making.

关 键 词：延迟折扣 跨期决策 冲动性 认知控制 价值表征 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]