人力资本结构、技能匹配与比较优势  

Human Capital Structure,Skill Match and Comparative Advantage

作　　者：邵文波[1] 李坤望[1] 王永进[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院国际经济贸易系

出　　处：《经济评论》2015年第1期26-39,共14页Economic Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目"社会关系对民营企业出口行为的影响机制:基于企业间关系与政企关系的研究"(项目编号:71103153);国家自然科学基金青年项目"中国企业低价出口之谜:基于企业边际成本加成率的研究"(项目编号:71203104)的资助

摘　　要：本文基于劳动力技能匹配的视角,讨论了国家人力资本结构与比较优势的关系。在一般均衡的理论框架下,首先分析了封闭条件下不同技能劳动力在不同替代弹性部门的均衡配置条件。在此基础上,考察了开放条件下两国因人力资本结构不同而形成的比较优势的差异,并进一步推广至多国情形。理论分析表明:人力资本结构差异并不能单独决定比较优势,还需要考虑替代弹性不同的部门对于劳动力技能匹配的要求,替代弹性高的部门要求技能差异大的劳动力搭配进行生产。在其他条件相同的情况下,人力资本分布偏向于某部门特定技能范围的国家在该部门具有比较优势。Based on skill match perspective, this paper attempts to shed light on the relationship between human capital structure and comparative advantage. In a general equilibrium theory framework, how skilled and unskilled labors are allocated in departments with distinct labor elasticity of substitution under autarky is discussed firstly. Then we analyze the relationship between comparative advantage and skill match in a two -country economy and expand it to multi -country model later. The results show that a department＇ s labor elasticity of substitution is positively correlated with the skill disparity of labors it employed. And it affects the comparative advantage together with the pattern of human capital structure. In addition, we find that countries which are abundant in department- specific skill labors departments. will have comparative advantages in those

关 键 词：人力资本结构 技能匹配 比较优势 超模 

分 类 号：F249.1[经济管理—劳动经济]