发达国家人口结构的演化及经验启示  

Experience and enlightenment from demographic structure evolution of developed countries

作　　者：郑琼洁[1,2] 叶南客[2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学商学院,江苏南京210009 [2]南京市社会科学院,江苏南京210018

出　　处：《南京邮电大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第4期59-67,共9页Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目"现代服务业发展与我国城市转型研究"(11BGL103);南京市哲学社会科学重大咨询研究课题"人口结构变化与城市竞争力综合提升关系研究"(SKZX2014001)

摘　　要：世界主要发达国家人口结构演化表现出人口年龄结构向老龄化加速迈进,但人口教育结构仍然保持年轻化和知识化,人口产业结构日趋服务化和高端化,人口迁移更青睐年轻技术移民等特征。中国可借鉴发达国家应对人口结构变化提升竞争力的经验,适时调整产业结构,促进人口结构持续优化;加快引进技术移民,保持人口年轻化、高素质化;健全人力资本投资体系,实现人口素质稳步提升;积极应对人口老龄化,促进人口长期均衡发展。The evolution of the demographic structure of major developed countries shows some distinct characteristics. Firstly, the population age structure faces rapid aging;secondly, the population education structure keeps younger and better educated;thirdly, the population industry structure is increasingly service-oriented and high-end oriented;and finally, population migration favors young and skilled immigrants. Experience and enlightenment can be drawn for China from these developed countries in coping with demographic changes for the improvement of national competitiveness. These include a timely adjustment of industrial structure to optimize population structure, an increased admission of skilled immigrants to keep the population younger and high-qualified, an improvement of the human capital investment system to achieve a steady rise of population quality, and an active response to aging pop- ulation to sustain lone-term balanced population development.

关 键 词：发达国家 人口结构 人口老龄化 技术移民 人口教育结构 人口产业结构 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]