引种鲁梅克斯长叶-20的生殖特征  

Reproductive characteristics of Rumex longleaf-20

作　　者：常缨[1] 安玉婷[1] 李艳[1] 徐永清[1] 李凤兰[1] 胡宝忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2014年第11期43-51,共9页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：中俄合作项目(2013DFR30270)

摘　　要：运用石蜡切片技术、光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜技术对鲁梅克斯长叶-20花芽形态分化、大小孢子发生与雌雄配子体发育以及胚后发育等生殖过程进行研究。结果表明,鲁梅克斯长叶-20花芽分化分为花序原基分化期、小花原基分化初期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基形成期和雌蕊原基形成期;小孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成四分体,属四面体型,成熟花粉粒以2-细胞型为主,兼有3-细胞型,具有3条或4条萌发沟;雌蕊发育过程中双珠被的倒生胚珠、厚珠心发育形成核型胚乳,大孢子母细胞减数分裂后形成的四分体呈线形排列,合点端的一个功能大孢子发育成单核胚囊,经三次连续的有丝分裂形成八核的蓼型胚囊;受精后初生胚乳核先于合子分裂,为胚的发育提供营养,胚经过原胚期、球形胚期、心形胚期直至发育成具有完整子叶的成熟胚。Using the paraffin section technique, light microscope and scanning electron microscope （sem） technique to study Rumex flower bud morphological differentiation, megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis, male and female gametophyte development, and post-embryonic development. The results showed that the whole flower bud differentiation process could be divided into inflorescence primordia differentiation stage, initial differentiation stage, initial sepal primordium differentiation stage, petal primordium differentiation stage, stamen primordium formation differentiation stage, and pistil primordium formation differentiation stage;the tetrad formed by meiosis of microspore mother cel belonged to tetrahedral shape type; with three or four germination grooves, most mature pol en grains were 2-cel type, few were 3-cel type;the tetrad from meiosis of megaspore mother cel was linear;the chalazal megaspore developed into mononuclear embryo sac which further developed into eight nuclear embryo sac of Polygonum type by three successive mitotic; after fertilization, the primary endosperm nucleus division preceded zygote division to provide nutrition for embryo development; after proembryo, globular embryo, and heart-shaped embryo stage, a mature embryo with complete cotyledons was formed.

关 键 词：鲁梅克斯长叶-20 花芽分化 大小孢子发生 雌雄配子体发育 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学] Q944.4[农业科学—畜牧学]