不同播种量对稻田免耕直播油菜生长发育和产量的影响  

Effects of different seeding rates on growth and yield of no-tillage direct seeding of rape

作　　者：徐一兰[1] 刘唐兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南生物机电职业技术学院,湖南长沙410127

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2014年第21期22-25,30,共5页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省科技厅基础研究项目(2011FJ3020)

摘　　要：以沣油682为试验材料,研究了不同播种量（T1：2.25 kg/hm2,T2：3.00 kg/hm2,T3：3.75 kg/hm2,T4：4.50kg/hm2）对洞庭湖平原稻田免耕直播油菜生长发育、部分植株生物学特性、产量及其构成因素的影响.结果表明：不同播种量对油菜各生育期无明显影响,播种量大的处理全生育期比播种量少的缩短1～2 d;各处理油菜植株的株高、开盘直径、最大叶长、最大叶宽、出叶数、绿叶数和根颈粗均随着播种量的增加呈下降的变化趋势,其中以T1处理均为最大,均显著高于其他处理;开花期各处理油菜植株不同部位叶绿素含量均表现为T1＞T2＞T3＞T4;各处理油菜植株的茎干重和叶干重、叶面积和叶面积指数均随着播种量的增加而降低;T1处理油菜植株的株高、主花序长、二次分枝数、主花序有效果数、单株总角果数、角粒数和单株产量等均显著高于其他处理;各处理间油菜产量存在显著差异,大小顺序为T2＞T4＞T3＞T1,T2处理油菜产量分别比T1、T3、T4处理增产12.9％、8.2％、7.2％;油菜获得高产的适宜播种量为3.0 kg/hm2.To study the growth and development characteristics of no-tillage direct seeding of rape under different seeding rates in the Dongting Lake plain, the growth stage, partly biological characteristics, grain yield components and grain yield of no-tillage direct seeding of rape with variety of Fengyou682 （Brassica napus L. ） were investigated by seeding rate 2.25 kg/hm2 （T1）, 3.00 kg/hm2 （T2）, 3.75 kg/hm2 （T3） and 4.50 kg/hm2 （T4） The results showed that the growth process of T3 and T4 were earlier and whole growth period was shortened than that of the T1 and T2, and the whole growth period of rape with T3 and T4 was shorten about 1-2 days than that of TI and T2, respectively. The plant height, diameter of opening, largest leaf length, largest leaf width, total number of leaves, number of green leaves, thickness of root crown were decreased with the seeding rate increasing, and those characteristics of T1 were higher than those of other treatments. The chlorophyll content of leaves in different parts of the rape plant was varied with different seeding rate as the order： TI〉 T2〉T3〉T4 at flowering stage. And the dry weight of stem and leaf, leaf area, leaf area index decreased with the seeding rate increasing. The plant height, length of main inflorescence, effective branches of secondary branches per plant, effective pods of main inflorescence, effective pods per plant, pod number, grain yield per plant with T1 were higher than those of other treatments. There was significant difference in the rape yield for T1, T2, T3 and T4. That was, the sequence of rape yield with different seeding rates was T2〉T4〉T3〉T1. The rape yield of T2 increased by 12.9%, 8.2% and 7.2% compared with T1, T3 and T4, respectively. The results also indicated that the suitable amount of seeding application was 3.00 kg/hm2 for gaining high grain yield of rape.

关 键 词：稻田 油菜 播种量 产量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学] S345