珍稀濒危贵州苏铁传粉生物学特性研究  

Study on pollination biological characteristics of the rare and endangered plant: Cycas guizhouensis Lan et R.F.Zou

作　　者：刘兰 黄小柱 黄磊 潘德权 朱军 罗在柒 

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005 [2]贵州省林业学校,贵州修文550201

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2014年第21期41-44,共4页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技厅科学技术基金(黔科合J字[2012]2223号)

摘　　要：为了充分认识贵州苏铁种群壮大的传粉受精的瓶颈问题,研究了贵州苏铁传粉与结实特性,结果表明:(1)贵州苏铁雌雄异株,雄花开放频次大于雌花。雄株基本连年开花,雌株大多数隔年开花,严重影响其有性生殖力;(2)贵州苏铁茎干和枝叶的漏斗结构有利于花粉收集,花的结构与传粉结实有密切相关;(3)贵州苏铁人工辅助授粉可增加结实率和结实量,且传粉受精过程形式是辅助、多样的,主要是风媒和虫媒,昆虫在增加授粉起主要作用。中华蜜蜂是花粉的直接传播者,丰富的动物类群对传粉授精起到促进作用,寄生昆虫"拟步甲"共生机制仍需深入研究。In order to research the pollination and fertilization of Cycas guizhouensis Lan et R.F.Zou more fully, the biological characteristics were investigated. The results show that：（1）The plants of C. guizhouensis Lan et R.F.Zou are dioecious, and the blooming frequency of male plant is greater than that of female plant. The male plants are ahnost blooming annually, and most of the female plants are blooming overyear, also a small number of female plants are blooming 3-4 years interval, these affect sexual reproduction seriously. （2） The funnel-shaped structure of the stem and leave is benefit to the collection of pollen, and the structure of flower is closely associated with the pollination and fructification. （3） Artificial supplementary pollination may improve the fruiting rate and fruiting quantity, the method of fertilization is mainly in the complementary form of wind-pollinated and insect-borne. The insect plays an important role in the increase of pollination, and Apis cerana cerana is the direct communicator. A large abundant of animal groups play a promoting effects on the pollination fertilization. Furthermore, the co-existence mechanism with Tenebrionidae is needed further research.

关 键 词：生物学特征 开花节律 传粉 受精 贵州苏铁 

分 类 号：S791.11[农业科学—林木遗传育种]