3个巴西橡胶树品种的死皮病调查  

Tapping Panel Dryness Survey of Three Clones of Rubber Tree(Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)

作　　者：李艺坚[1,2] 刘进平[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所科技服务中心,海南儋州5717372 [2]海南大学农学院/海南省热带生物资源可持续利用重点实验室,海南海口570228

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2014年第11期58-65,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：海南省科技项目(No.ZDZX2013023);中央财政支持中西部高校提升综合实力专项

摘　　要：在现有割胶制度下对巴西橡胶树3个品种(热研8-79、热研7-33-97、PR107)的死皮病进行了调查。结果表明:这3个品种的幼龄树发病率和停割率从大到小依次为热研7-33-97(开割4年)>PR107(开割6年)>热研8-79(开割3年),中龄树发病率和停割率从大到小依次为PR107(开割15年)>热研7-33-97(开割8年)>热研8-79(开割14年)。3个品种的中龄橡胶树比幼龄橡胶树的死皮病发病率、停割率和病情指数都有所上升。总体来看,对于幼龄橡胶树而言,肥水条件较好的地块,年干胶株产量高,发病率和停割率低;而中龄树除热研7-33-97表现出幼龄树的趋势外,其它2个品种(热研8-79和PR107)则干胶株产量高,发病率和停割率也高。绝大多数死皮病属割面干涸类型,少部分为褐皮病;褐皮病有一部分是一开始就发生的,多数是由割面干涸发展而来的。在停割至少1年之后,能够恢复排胶的死皮树比例较小,很少超过10%。在3个橡胶树品种中,PR107品种恢复排胶的比例最高,幼龄树和中龄树恢复率分别达8.70%和6.20%。A tapping panel dryness （TPD） survey of three clones of rubber tree （Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.）, Reyan 8-79, Reyan 7-33-97 and PR107, under the current tapping practices was conducted. The results showed that the incidence of TPD, the percentage of stopping tapping and disease index of all three clones at middle ages increased compared with those at young ages; the incidence of TPD and the percentage of stopping tapping of the three clones at young ages from large to small were as follows：Reyan 7-33-97 （after four tapping years）, PR107（after six tapping years） and Reyan 8-79（after three tapping years）, and those for the three clones at middle ages from large to small were as follows： PR107（after 15 tapping years）Reyan 7-33-97 （after eight tapping years）, and Reyan 8-79（after 14 tapping years）. Overall, the incidence of TPD and the percentage of stopping tapping of rubber trees at young ages planted in the plots with better soil fertility and rainwater condition which had high yield were relatively low, while those of rubber trees at middle ages planted in the plots with better soil fertility and rainwater condition which had high yield were relatively high but Reyan 7-33-97 is an exception. Of all TPD affected trees, a minority were brown bast（BB）type in which BB syndrome either appeared at the onset or developed from the TPD. Very low percentage （not exceeding 10%） of TPD affected trees were reversible after a rest period of at least one year with that of PR107 being highest and 8.70% TPD affected trees at young ages and 6.20% at middle ages of PR107 were recovered after a rest period, respectively.

关 键 词：橡胶树 死皮病 调查 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]