新疆14种野生蔷薇属植物生境调查  

Investigation of Habitat Characteristics of 14 Wild Rosa Species in Xinjiang

作　　者：冯久莹[1] 蔡蕾 贺海洋 沈树祥 张树玲 孟永禄[1] 戴凡炜[1] 许正 高俊平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学观赏园艺与园林系,北京100193 [2]国家环境保护部生物多样性处,北京100035 [3]新疆乌鲁木齐市头屯河区政府,乌鲁木齐830002 [4]北京市昌平区园林绿化局,北京102200 [5]新疆伊犁州林业科学院,伊宁835000

出　　处：《林业科学》2014年第11期44-51,共8页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家环境保护部中国重要观赏植物种质资源调查项目[二-(一)-3-2]

摘　　要：以仅分布或主要分布于新疆的14种野生蔷薇属植物为对象，在资料查询的基础上，采用野外调查方法、生境分析法，对这些植物分布地的地形、地势、伴生植物以及气象因子等进行实地调查和分析。结果表明：腺果蔷薇和刺蔷薇生长于阴坡，其余均生长于阳坡；单叶蔷薇、小檗叶蔷薇、疏花蔷薇海拔分布低于1000 m，其余均分布在海拔1000～2000 m内。基于分布区的气候特点推断，这些植物能适应较大幅度的年温度变化和干旱环境，其中腺齿蔷薇的耐寒性最强，单叶蔷薇、小檗叶蔷薇的耐热性最强。基于伴生植物相似性分析，将这些植物分为5组，其中第5组（单叶蔷薇和小檗叶蔷薇）与其他各组差异最大。基于海拔分布相关性分析明确单叶蔷薇和小檗叶蔷薇、腺果蔷薇和刺蔷薇、伊犁蔷薇和疏刺蔷薇的海拔分布范围都分别表现为极显著相关；以其中应用价值较高但数量正在急剧减少的单叶蔷薇为对象，进行6个主要分布区共18个样地的典范对应分析（CCA），发现海拔、年降水量和7月平均温度是影响单叶蔷薇分布的主要因子。This work is aimed at understanding important habitat characteristics of the genus Rosa in Xinjiang to provide information for assessment,protection and utilization of wild rose resources. Based on a field investigation and previous published literature,we investigated the geographical and meteorological characteristics of 14 wild Rosa species only or majorly distributed in Xinjiang. Results showed that all investigated Rosa species grew in south slope except R. fedtschenkoana and R. acicularis. Elevation distribution was between 1 000 -2 000 m for most of these Rosa species,with R. persica,R. berberifolia and R. laxa distributed at lower than 1 000 m. Based on the data of temperature and rainfall, it was inferred that these Rosa species could tolerate the great fluctuate of annual temperature and drought. Among 14 wild Rosa species,R. albertii had the strongest tolerance to freeze,while R. persica and R. berberifolia had the strongest tolerance to heat. We divided the 14 wild Rosa species into 5 groups according to hierarchical cluster analysis of their associated plants. The group V,including R. persica and R. berberifolia,exhibited great difference from other groups, indicating that its habitat characteristics were different from other Rosa species. Correlation analysis of elevation distribution of these Rosa species revealed that elevation distributions of R. persica and R. berberifolia,R. fedtschenkoana and R. acicularis,as well as R. iliensis and R. schrenkiana were significantly correlated,respectively. We also conducted CCA （ Canonical Correspondence Analysis） for R. persica which is valuable in breeding however the distribution area is reduced rapidly. Based on data from 18 sampling fields of 6 major distribution areas,we found that elevation,rainfall and＆amp;nbsp;average temperature in July were the major factors determining the distribution of R. persica. In summary,our results provided valuable references to evaluation,protection and application of wild Rosa species which are located in Xinjiang

关 键 词：野生植物资源 新疆 蔷薇属 单叶蔷薇 生境特征 CCA分析 

分 类 号：S718.45[农业科学—林学]