指数施肥对斑叶稠李苗木生物量分配、光合作用及根系形态的影响  被引量:24

Effect of Exponential Fertilization on Biomass Allocation,Photosynthesis and Root Morphology of Padus maackii Seedlings

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作  者:郝龙飞[1] 王庆成[1] 刘婷岩[1] 许丽娟[1] 

机构地区:[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出  处:《林业科学》2014年第11期175-181,共7页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基  金:"十二五"国家科技支撑计划"水曲柳和白桦珍贵用材林定向培育技术研究与示范"(2012BAD21B02)

摘  要:施肥可以增加苗木体内养分含量,改善苗木质量( Sardans et al.,2006a; 2006b)。长期以来施肥技术是苗木培育研究的重点,Ingestad 等( 1986 ) 和 Ingestad(1987)创立"指数养分承载理论"后,相关施肥技术在国内外已有大量的研究报道( Timmer, 1996; Oliet et al.,2009; Islam et al 2009; 李素艳等,2003; 魏旭红等,2010a; 2010b)。研究表明:指数施肥技术可以提高苗木生物量积累和增加苗木养分承载,同时也避免了大量养分施入而造成养分毒害( Timmer,1996; Salifu et al.,2001; 2009; 魏旭红等,2010a; 2010b; 郝龙飞等,2012 ),而苗木生物量积累及养分吸收主要来源于叶片光合作用和根系养分吸收(潘瑞炽,2008)。地上部分光合作用主要在叶片中进行,是有机物质的主要来源(潘瑞炽, 2008)。根系吸收土壤中的矿质营养和水分,并输送到地上部分供植物利用(梁泉等,2007)。细根形态反映细根的功能( Guo et al.,2008),决定植物从土壤中获取有效资源的途径,但土壤养分有效性同时也影响植物细根的形态特征( Eghball et al., 1993)。不同根序等级的细根直径、根长和比根长既反映了细根形态结构,又反映了细根在养分吸收、运输等过程中所起的作用( Fitter et al.,1991; Pregitzer et al.,2002)。施肥处理改变了苗木生长的营养环境,苗木能够通过调节其生理和形态对营养供给的差异做出敏感的反应,以适应环境条件的变化(Robinson,1994; Forde et al. ,2001)。目前关于指数施肥技术对苗木地上叶片光合能力以及地下根系形态的影响缺乏相关研究,指数施肥是否对苗木叶片光合速率的提高产生影响,同时苗木根系形态对指数施肥技术产生怎样的响应,以及苗木体内的养分承载提高的原因是什么?Biomass allocation,photosynthesis and root morphology of Padus maackii one-year-old bare-root seedlings under constant fertilization ( CF ) , exponential fertilization ( EF ) , doubled exponential fertilization ( DEF ) and no fertilization (CK) regimes were investigated. 1) By the end of the growing season,the root/shoot ratio of seedlings under EF treatment was maximum,and was 6. 7%,14. 3%,23. 1% greater than that with CK,CF and DEF treatment ( P〈0. 05),respectively. 2) The order of seedling height and collar diameter with different fertilization was EF〉DEF〉CF〉CK. Seedling height and collar diameter of EF treatment was 16. 6% and 28. 1% higher than those of CK,respectively ( P〈0 . 05 ) . 3 ) Tap root length of seedlings under different fertilization treatments was in an order of CK 〉EF〉CF〉DEF. The number of first-order lateral root of EF was 19,and more than that with CK,CF,DEF treatment (P〈0. 05). 4) Photosynthetic rate of EF treatment was 11 . 66 μmo· m^ -2 s^ -1 ,and was 17 . 7% ( P〈0 . 05 ) ,7 . 2% ( P〈0 . 05 ) and 4. 2% (P〉0. 05) greater than that with CK,CF and DEF treatment,respectively. 5) Compared with OF treatment, average length of first-order roots ( absorptive roots ) under EF and DEF treatment was 15 . 8%,16 . 7% higher ( P〈0. 05 ) ,respectively; Average diameter of first-order roots under EF and DEF treatment was 5 . 3%,2 . 1% greater than that with CF treatment ( P〈0 . 05 ) ,respectively; Specific root length of first-order root under EF and DEF treatment was 13. 9%,14. 7% longer than that with CF treatment (P〈0.05),respectively. The fifth-order root of EF treatment had greater average length,average diameter and specific root length compared with CF treatment. Exponential fertilization regimes effectively promoted photosynthetic rate and improved root morphology, meanwhile, increased biomass accumulation and nutrient absorption in P. maackii seedlings.

关 键 词:斑叶稠李 指数施肥 生物量分配 光合作用 根系形态 

分 类 号:S723.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]

 

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