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机构地区:[1]海南昌江黎族自治县林业局,昌江572722 [2]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [3]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,北京100091 [4]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083
出 处:《林业科学》2014年第11期202-207,共6页Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基 金:林业公益性行业科研专项(200904001)
摘 要:现代生态学中,对于生物生态位的研究和应用已经成为生态学研究的核心内容之一。有学者甚至提出对生态学的研究就是对生态位的研究的观点(李杰等,2003)。昆虫是动物界的重要组成部分,是影响自然界中植物生存的重要因素之一,因此对昆虫生态位的研究具有十分重要的意义。20 世纪 70 年代,Hanse 等(1970)、Rogers 等(1974)、Sheldon 等(1978) 曾经对蝗虫的营养生态位进行了研究。王开洪等(1985)从研究柑桔叶螨(Panonychus citri)的生态位出发,探讨了2 种害螨在野外的竞争共存机制,首次将生态位理论应用于捕食- 猎物种间关系的研究。秦玉川等( 1991 ) 对山楂叶螨( Tetranychus viennensis )、苹果全爪螨( Panonychus ulmi)及其捕食性天敌的生态位进行了研究,发现2 种叶螨间生态位重叠值和各自的生态位宽度均比较大。袁忠林(1999 )对陇南桔园昆虫群落生态位及时序动态作了研究,并利用群落生态方法探讨各种群的竞争共存机制。黄保宏等(2005 )在研究梅园昆虫群落优势种生态位中,发现黑缘红瓢虫(Chilocorus rubidus)与害虫的生态位重叠值在时空二维上均较大,优于其他天敌,应该对其加以保护和利用。因此可见,利用昆虫群落的生态位有助于比较系统地研究群落中各昆虫类群间的相互关系及其对所处生境资源的利用情况。To understand the structure of insect community and insight into its inner connections,we classified insect communities in Taihu Wetland into different groups based on their taxonomic status and analyzed the relationships of niches between the groups in this study. The results showed that the spatial niche breadth,temporal niche breadth and temporal-spatial niche breadth were obviously different between different groups,indicating the groups fully utilized resources in Taihu Wetland. Among these groups,Hemiptera community had the widest temporal-spatial niche breadth,reflecting Hemiptera insects had the widest distribution and longest activity period; By contrast Dermaptera community had the narrowest temporal-spatial niche breadth,showing Dermaptera insects needed strict habitats and had relatively narrow distribution. Diptera and Coleoptera had relatively large spatial-temporal niche overlap value,which indicated that they had similar unitization of resource and a predator-prey or competitive relationship could be existed between the two groups in Taihu Wetland.
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