4个苹果新品种(材料)叶片形态解剖结构与抗旱性综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation on Leaf Morphological Anatomy Structure and Drought Resistance of Four New Apple Varieties/lines

作　　者：吴亚维[1] 郑伟[1] 杨华 韩秀梅[1] 罗昌国[1] 宋莎[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省果树科学研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]威宁县农牧局,贵州威宁553100

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2014年第11期217-221,共5页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省动植物育种专项"红富士苹果短枝型芽变株系的鉴定与评价"[黔农育专字(2010)028];贵州省农业科学院专项"苹果三优技术的引进与示范"[黔农科院院专项(2009)041];贵州省科技厅机动农业攻关项目"贵州精品水果抗旱品种收集;评价及抗旱技术研究"[黔科合机农字(2013)4026]

摘　　要：为筛选苹果抗旱资源,采用石蜡切片法测定了4个苹果新品种/材料的叶片大小、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、CTR、SR、角质层厚度、比叶重、气孔密度、气孔器面积、气孔宽度和保水力等与果树抗旱性相关的生理指标,采用隶属函数法对4个苹果新品种/材料的抗旱性进行了综合评价。结果表明：王林苹果叶面积最大,叶片厚度和角质层厚度值最高,分别为36.87cm^2、233.25μm和4.03μm;红富士短枝型芽变材料叶面积最小,为22.97cm^2,但比叶重最高,为9.96mg/cm^2;红富士叶片比叶重最低,叶片角质层厚度最小,分别为6.55mg/cm^2和2.81μm,但气孔宽度最大,达3.26μm。4个苹果新品种/材料叶片12h的失重率为35.10%～47.28%,红富士叶片保水力最差,而王林苹果叶片保水力最强,其抗旱力为王林〉天红2号〉红富士短枝型芽变材料〉红富士。The physical indexes of leaf size,leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness,spongy tissue thickness,CTR,SR,cuticle thickness,specific leaf weight,stomata density,stomata area,stomata width and water holding capacity of four apple varieties/lines were determined by the paraffin method,and then the drought resistance of four apple varieties/lines is comprehensively evaluated by the membership function method to screen apple resources with strong drought resistance.Orim variety has the maximum leaf area（36.87cm^2）,leaf thickness（233.25μm）and cuticle thickness（4.03μm）.The mutation of Fuji Apple has the minimum leaf area（22.97cm^2）but the maximum specific leaf weight（9.96mg/cm^2）.Fuji Apple with the maximum stomata width（3.26μm）has the minimum specific leaf weight（6.55mg/cm^2）and cuticle thickness（2.81μm）.The leaf weight-loss ratio of four apple varieties/lines after 12 his 35.10%～47.28%.The water holding capacity of Fuji Apple is the worst and Orim variety is the highest.In conclusion,drought resistance of four apple varieties is Orim〉 Tianhong 2 〉Bud mutation of Fuji Apple〉 Fuji Apple.

关 键 词：苹果 品种 材料 叶片 解剖结构 抗旱性 综合评价 

分 类 号：S603.7[农业科学—园艺学]