施肥与耕作集成技术对木薯产量及土壤理化性状的影响  

Effects of integrated fertilization and tillage technologies on cassava yield and physical and chemical properties of soil

作　　者：何永群[1] 莫成恩 韦家华 何铁光[1] 苏天明[1] 韦彩会[1] 黄伟彬 张野[1] 李忠义[1] 李婷婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南宁530007 [2]武鸣县发展水果生产办公室,广西武鸣530100 [3]武鸣县科技服务中心,广西武鸣530100

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2014年第11期1994-1998,共5页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西环保厅生态广西建设引导资金项目(桂财建函[2013]45号);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项项目(桂农科2012YZ24);南宁市科技局科技攻关项目(20132029);武鸣县科技局科技攻关项目(20130410)

摘　　要：【目的】探索木薯施肥与耕作集成技术,为木薯增产增收及培育地力提供参考。【方法】开展田间试验,设计用木薯加工废弃物研制的生物有机肥＋测土配方肥＋深耕浅种（二次开行沟种植,行沟深度50～60 cm,种植深度15～20 cm）处理（T1）及习惯施肥耕作（一次开行沟30～35 cm,种植深度15～20 cm）处理（T2）,每处理施肥量以N＋P2O5＋K2O总养分为900 kg/ha计。测定不同处理对木薯生长指标、产量及对土壤理化性状的影响。【结果】T1处理的木薯杆茎径、块根直径、块根长、单株块根条数、单株块根鲜重、木薯块根鲜重、经济效益均显著高于T2处理（P〈0.05）,分别增加11.14%、15.06%、12.44%、21.43%、32.39%、23.04%和7697.90元/ha;土壤速效N、P、K、有机质、pH、含水量、总孔隙度分别增加8.84%、8.73%、5.22%、7.56%、3.08%、15.51%和9.86%,容重降低5.63%。【结论】采用生物有机肥＋测土配方肥＋深耕浅种集成技术能显著提高木薯的产量、效益并改善土壤理化性状。【Objective 】The integrated fertilization and tillage technologies on cassava were discussed to provide references for cassava yield increase and soil improvement. 【 Method 】 A kind of cassava processing waste was made into bio-organic fertilizer. The integration method（ T1） of bio-organic fertilizer ＋ formula fertilizer ＋ deep plowing ＋shallow sowing（two-time furrow, furrow depth of 50-60 cm, planting depth of 15-20 cm） and traditional method（T2：one-time furrow depth of 30-35 cm planting depth of 15-20 cm）were designed with the total NPK nutrient of 900kg/ha in each treatment. The effects of the two treatments on cassava growth indicators, yield and soil physical and chemical properties were measured. 【Result 】Compared with the control,integration method brought about the increase of 11.14%,15.06%,12.44%,21.43%,32.39%,23.04% and 7697.90 yuan/ha on cassava stem diameter,tuberous root diameter,tuberous root length,tuberous root number per plant,tuberous root weight per plant,fresh weight of tuberous root per hectare and benefit,increase of 8.84%,8.73%,5.22%,7.56%,3.08%,15.51% and 9.86% on available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,organic matter,pH,moisture content and total porosity in cassava soil,and decrease of 5.63 % on soil bulk density. 【 Conclusion 】 Such technology of bio-organic fertilizer ＋ formula fertilizer ＋deep plowing ＋shallow sowing should be popularized as a good method to promote cassava yield,profit and improve soil physical and chemical properties.

关 键 词：生物有机肥 配方肥 耕作 木薯 产量 土壤性状 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学]