政府主导型城市化的土地利用效率--来自中国的实证结果  

Government-led Urban Land Use Efficiency: Empirical Results from China

作　　者：文贯中[1] 柴毅[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学高等研究院,上海200433 [2]云南大学经济学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《学术月刊》2015年第1期11-23,共13页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：中国至今没有形成要素市场而不得不依靠行政手段配置资源,因而城市化并无内生动力,主要由政府主导和推动。本文采用中科院遥感卫星获取的城市建成区数据,并以城市年鉴数据作为参照,用计量模型估算这种政府主导型的城市化对土地利用效率的影响。计量结果证实,全国范围内地方财政支出和固定资产投资对于土地利用效率来说已具负效应;成对比的是,城市人口的变动对东部、中部和西部的土地利用效率仍具正效应。从一、二、三线城市看,人口因素对土地利用效率同样具有正效应,而地方财政支出、固定资产和外资对不同城市层级具有不同的效应。这说明,政府主导的外生型城市化由于要素在现行土地制度和户口制度的限制下不能自由流动以穷尽集聚效应,使城市土地和资本相对人口而言过度扩张,导致土地利用效率的低下。China has not formed factor markets and still relies on administrative measures to allocate resources. Based on this fact, we use data on urban built-up areas collected by satellite remote sensing satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, while using the City Yearbook data as a reference, to estimate econometrically the various factors that influence the efficient use of urban land. The results confirm that in general, local fiscal expenditure and fixed asset investment have a negative effect on the efficiency of land use. In sharp contrast,the demographic factor remains to have a positive effect on land use efficiency not only in the eastern region, but also in the central and western regions. Looking at the first, second, and third tier cities, demographic factor also has positive impact on the efficiency of land use, while local fiscal expenditure, fixed assets, and FDIs have different effects on land use efficiency depending on the relative size of a city. These results show that the government-led urbanization as exogenous factors are not promoting the free flow of factors to allow them to exhaust the agglomeration effect. Instead, this government-induced urbanization has led to a higher concentration of land and capital relative to population in urban areas, resulting in lower efficiency of land use.

关 键 词：政府主导型 城市化 土地利用效率 三农问题 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]