钼镍矿尾矿和冶炼废渣的污染及生物毒性研究  

Pollution and Biotoxicity of Molybdenum-nickel Mine Tailing and Smelting Waste

作　　者：李江[1] 杨爱江[1,2] 张青青[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学环境工程规划设计研究所,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2014年第12期199-204,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：贵州省科技厅贵州省矿山环境重金属污染防治科技创新人才团队建设项目(黔科合人才团队[2012]4005号);贵州省自然科学基金喀斯特地区矿山典型固废有毒污染物的化学特征及生态毒理效应研究(黔科合J字[2009]2034)

摘　　要：钼镍矿是多金属伴生矿,在开采及冶炼过程中,会产生尾矿和冶炼矿渣,在其长期堆放过程中,受降水的淋溶作用产生淋溶液,进入矿山周围的土壤和水体后,会对生态环境造成严重的危害。通过对钼镍矿渣进行物理化学分析,模拟不同p H值的酸雨对矿渣进行浸提,并以发光细菌为试验生物对矿渣浸出液进行生物毒性测试。结果表明,相比于钼镍原矿,冶炼废渣中的重金属含量虽有大幅度降低,但其中的Ni、Mo、Zn的残留量仍然较高,分别为2.44%、0.18%、0.36%;浸提剂p H值的变化对原矿、未自燃和自燃尾矿及冶炼废渣中重金属的浸出含量没有显著影响,浸出液的生物毒性大小次序为:原矿矿石>冶炼废渣>自燃尾矿>未自燃尾矿。Molybdenum nickel mine contains several heavy metals. During its exploring and smelting,the tailings and smelting waste have been produced. Under the leaching of rain,the leachate produced transforms to the environment and affects ecological environment. The pollution and biotoxicity of molybdenum-nickel mine tailings and smelting waste were investigated through physicochemical analysis, leaching test under simulated acid rain with different p H values, and biological toxicity test by photobacteria. Results showed that heavy metals concentrations in smelting waste were less than that in crude ore,but still higher for Ni,Mo and Zn which were respectively as 2.44%,0.18%,0.36%. p H values in simulated acid rain had no obvious significance in heavy metals in leachate. The toxicity to photobacteria was in the order as crude ore smelting waste self-ignition tailings no self-ignition tailings.

关 键 词：钼镍矿渣 生物毒性 浸出毒性 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]