刚果民主共和国金矿类型及主要地质特征  

Gold deposit types and its main geological characteristics in Democratic Republic of Congo

作　　者：李泳泉[1] 李杏春[2,3] 曾建业 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]北京交通大学电气工程学院,北京100044 [3]马丁尼矿业公司刚果民主共和国,加丹加省卢本巴希

出　　处：《世界地质》2014年第4期822-836,共15页World Geology

基　　金：企业合作项目(2012-01)

摘　　要：在资料综合研究的基础上,通过野外实地考察,总结了刚果金矿的主要类型及地质特征。认为刚果金矿的主要类型为:1砂金,分为冲积和残积型,主要分布于刚果东北部的东方省、玛涅玛省和南北基伍省的河流和山谷中,含矿部位一般位于地表及以下2 m厚度范围内;2绿岩带型(greenstone belts)金矿,位于中非金矿带的中部,北西延伸到中非共和国,南东延伸到坦桑尼亚;此类型矿床一般规模大,常伴随铌钽矿产出,大多产出于太古代花岗岩与绿岩带的接触部位,矿体一般成陡倾斜产出,成矿流体为富含CO2的H2O--Na Cl流体,显示流体的不混溶作用与成矿关系密切,与世界上著名的绿岩带型金矿类似。On the basis of the comprehensive research of data and field work,the authors summarized the main gold types and geological characteristics in Democratic Republic of Congo.The results demonstrated that the gold deposits in DRC can be classified as two types：① placer gold,including alluvial and eluvial types,mainly distributed in the river and valley of Oriental,Maniema,North Kivu,and South Kivu provinces of DRC.The orebeating layers located from ground surface to underground 2 m.② greenstone belt gold deposit,broadly distributed in the centre of Central Africa gold zone,and extend to Central Africa Republic in NW trend and to Tanzania in SE trend.This type gold deposit is usually in large scale,and concomitanted with niobium and tantalum,and most of the orebodies located in the contact area of greenstone and Archean granites with sub-vertical shape.Fluids of oreforming were mainly H2O-NaCl fluids rich in CO2,which demonstrated that the fluid immiscibility was closely associated with mineralization,similar with other famous greenstone belt gold deposits in the world.

关 键 词：金矿类型 刚果克拉通 地质特征 砂金 绿岩带型金矿 

分 类 号：P618.51[天文地球—矿床学]