敏化方式对乳化炸药耐低温性能的影响  

Effects of Sensitizing Methods on Low Temperature Resistance of Emulsion Explosive

作　　者：吴红波[1] 申夏夏[1] 王道阳[1] 缪志军[1] 杨雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学化学工程学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2014年第6期58-61,共4页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：安徽理工大学博士基金项目资助

摘　　要：采用化学敏化和物理敏化方式制备了乳化炸药,通过电测法测量了两种乳化炸药在常温和-30℃冷冻后的爆速,用显微镜对两种乳化炸药的微观结构进行观察,采用水溶法测定了其析晶率,分析了低温引起两种乳化炸药爆速下降及拒爆的原因。结果表明,低温下,化学敏化气泡因表面自由能减小而自发聚集,使气泡尺寸太大而失效,且气泡内外压力差增大,大量有效气泡破碎、逃逸,使炸药最终拒爆;物理敏化克服了敏化气泡低温下不稳定的缺点,但其碎屑为析晶提供了晶核,与化学敏化方式相比,使用物理敏化方式制备的乳化炸药析晶率高7%,冷冻30d爆速虽下降但未拒爆。The emulsion explosives sensitized by chemical and physical sensitization were prepared.Based on the electrical measuring method,the detonation velocities of the two kinds of emulsion explosives were tested at room temperature and-30℃.Their micro-structures were observed by microscope and the crystallization rates were detected by solution method.The cause of detonation velocity falling and misfiring was analyzed.The results show that at low temperatures,chemical bubbles gathered easily because of the surface free energy decreasing,and its size increases too large to lose efficacy.Moreover,the pressure difference outside and inside bubbles increases,which lead to most bubbles breaking and escaping.As a result,emulsion explosive misfire finally.Physical sensitization overcomes the disadvantages of instability of the bubbles,but its debris provide crystal nucleus for crystallization,which makes the crystallization rate 7% higher than that of emulsion explosive sensitized by chemical sensitization and its detonation velocity decreases and doesn′t misfire after cooling for 30 days.

关 键 词：物理化学 乳化炸药 敏化方式 耐低温性能 爆炸性能 电测法 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] X93[环境科学与工程—安全科学]