稻田用杀虫剂对灰飞虱种群数量的影响  

Impact of pesticides used in paddy fields on the population of Laodelphax striatellus Fallén

作　　者：顾中言[1] 徐德进[1] 徐广春[1] 许小龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2014年第6期1328-1335,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B12)

摘　　要：为理清稻田常用农药对灰飞虱的毒力和对灰飞虱种群的中长期影响,进而为科学防治灰飞虱提供依据,采用稻茎浸渍法测定了14种农药单剂对褐飞虱和灰飞虱的毒力以及10种混剂对2种飞虱的联合作用效果。通过观察灰飞虱种群数量变化和灰飞虱的繁殖能力,测定了三唑磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯、毒死蜱和噻嗪酮+毒死蜱对灰飞虱种群的中长期影响。结果表明,吡蚜酮、噻嗪酮、啶虫脒和速灭威等对褐飞虱的毒力显著高于对灰飞虱的毒力;吡虫啉+异丙威、吡虫啉+仲丁威、噻嗪酮+毒死蜱、噻嗪酮+甲萘威、噻嗪酮+混灭威和噻嗪酮+速灭威等杀虫剂混配组合对褐飞虱有增效作用,对灰飞虱有拮抗作用;除吡虫啉+毒死蜱组合对2种飞虱的毒力没有显著差异外,其他混配组合对褐飞虱的毒力显著高于对灰飞虱的毒力。三唑磷、毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯对灰飞虱若虫的毒力远大于对成虫的毒力。毒死蜱、三唑磷和高效氯氟氰菊酯不同程度地促进了灰飞虱成虫的繁殖能力,水稻后期使用毒死蜱、三唑磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯和噻嗪酮+毒死蜱后,增加了灰飞虱的越冬基数,增加了来年迁入水稻秧田的灰飞虱数量。可见,在稻田使用吡蚜酮、噻嗪酮、啶虫脒、速灭威等杀虫剂单剂和吡虫啉+辛硫磷、吡虫啉+速灭威、吡虫啉+异丙威、吡虫啉+仲丁威、噻嗪酮+吡虫啉、噻嗪酮+甲萘威、噻嗪酮+混灭威、噻嗪酮+速灭威等杀虫剂混剂时,用能够控剂褐飞虱的农药剂量难以有效控制灰飞虱的种群数量;在稻田使用三唑磷、毒死蜱、高效氯氟氰菊酯和噻嗪酮+毒死蜱,将增加灰飞虱的种群数量;在秧田期使用三唑磷、毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯防治灰飞虱成虫,不仅不能控制灰飞虱的种群数量,还将促进灰飞虱的繁殖能力。For the purpose of understanding the toxicity and long-term effects of pesticides used in paddy fields on Laodelphax striatellus Fallén in order to control the pest scientifically and effectively,the toxicities of 14 pesticides and joint actions of 10 pesticides mixtures to Nilaparvata lugens Stl and L.striatellus were tested in laboratory by rice-stem dipping method.Long-term effects of triazophos,lambda-cyhalothrin,chlorpyrifos and buprofezin-chlorpyrifos on L.striatellus were detected as well.The toxicities of pymetrozine,buprofezin,acetamiprid and metolcarb to N.lugens were significantly higher than those to L.striatellus.The mixtures of imidacloprid-isoprocarb,imidacloprid-fenobucarb,buprofezin-chlorpyrifos,buprofezin-carbary1,buprofezin-dimethacarb and buprofezin-metolcarb were synergistic to N.lugens and antagonistic to L.striatellus,and the toxicities of the 9 mixtures to N.lugens were significantly higher than those to L.striatellus except for the mixture of imidacloprid-chlorpyrifos.The toxicities of triazophos,lambda-cyhalothrin,chlorpyrifos to the nymph of L.striatellus were much greater than to the adult.Triazophos,chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin used in late stage of rice growth improved reproduction of L.striatellus in varying degrees,there by increasing wintering quantity of L.striatellus and the number of the pest immigrating to rice seedling bed next year.In conclusion,the doses of pymetrozine,buprofezin,acetamiprid,metolcarb,imidaclopridphoxim,imidacloprid-metolcarb,imidacloprid-isoprocarb,imidacloprid-fenobucarb,buprofezin-imidacloprid,buprofezincarbary1,buprofezin-dimethacarb and buprofezin-metolcarb controlling N.lugens could not control the population of L.striatellus.Triazophos,chlorpyrifos,lambda-cyhalothrin and buprofezin-chlorpyrifos boosted the population of L.striatellus when used in rice field.Instead of controlling L.striatellus,triazophos,chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin actually promoted the breeding of the pest.

关 键 词：农药 毒力 灰飞虱 种群数量 

分 类 号：S435.112.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]