玉米秸秆覆盖还田结合化学除草剂对水稻田杂草的控制效果及对水稻产量的影响  

Weed control efficiency of corn straw residue mulching combining herbicide application in paddy field and its effect on rice yield

作　　者：冒宇翔[1] 李贵[2] 沈俊明[1] 薛林[1] 王晓琳[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏如皋226541 [2]江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2014年第6期1336-1344,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD19B02)

摘　　要：为明确玉米秸秆不同覆盖还田量对水稻田杂草的控制作用和对水稻产量的影响以及秸秆覆盖还田对化学除草剂减量使用的可行性,通过田间小区试验研究了玉米秸秆覆盖还田结合化学除草剂（80%苄嘧·苯噻酰草胺WP）对水稻田杂草的控制效果以及对水稻产量的影响。结果表明玉米秸秆覆盖还田对水稻田杂草具有较好的控制效果,随着秸秆覆盖还田量的增加,杂草控制效果明显上升,5 400~7 200 kg/hm^2秸秆覆盖还田45 d内对水稻田稗草、千金子、莎草、水苋菜、鸭舌草的控制效果达80%以上。而且化学除草剂使用与玉米秸秆覆盖还田措施对水稻田杂草具有协同控草作用,施药后45 d 3 600~7 200 kg/hm^2秸秆覆盖还田结合240 g/hm^2（常规使用剂量的50%）化学除草剂对水稻田杂草总体控制效果达90%~100%,且对水稻产量提高也具有明显的促进作用。药后45 d杂草株防效和小区水稻产量与除草剂剂量、秸秆覆盖还田量之间均存在显著正相关。因此玉米秸秆覆盖还田显著降低了化学除草剂的使用量,有助于提高玉米秸秆利用效率。In order to evaluate the weed control efficiency of corn straw residue mulching and the effects on rice yield and the reduction in herbicide application（80% Bensulfuron-methyl · Mefenacet WP） in paddy field,weed amount,growth and yield of rice were investigated.The results showed that corn straw residue mulching could reduce the number and fresh weight of weeds in paddy field significantly,and the effects increased with the mulching amount.Compared to the CK（without mulching and herbicide）,the control efficiency of 5 400-7 200 kg/hm^2 corn straw residue mulching on weeds,such as Leptochloa chinensis（L.）Nees,Echinochloa crusgalli（L.） Beauv,Cyperus difformis L.,Ammannia baccifera L.and Monochoria vaginalis（Burm.f.） Presl,were above 80% 45-d after mulching.Furthermore,herbicide and straw mulching were synergistic to weeds,3 600-7 200 kg/hm^2 corn straw residue mulching combining 240 g/hm^280% Bensulfuron-methyl · Mefenacet WP,which is half recommended dosage,controlling 90%-100% of the above weeds in 45 d and enhancing the rice yield.Significant positive correlations were presented between herbicide dosage,corn-residue mulching amount and weed control efficacy and rice yield.Therefore,corn straw residue mulching could contribute to reducing herbicide dosage and enhancing rice yield.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 覆盖还田 除草剂 杂草 水稻田 

分 类 号：S451.1[农业科学—植物保护]