湘潭锰矿3种不同生境植物群落结构及数量特征  

Analysis on community structure and quantitative characteristics of three kinds of plant communities in three different habitats in Xiangtan manganese area

作　　者：林杨[1] 文仕知[2] 王德明[3] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学风景园林学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学教务处,湖南长沙410004 [3]中南林业科技大学商学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2014年第12期102-109,共8页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家环保公益性项目<长株潭重金属矿区污染控制与生态修复技术研究>(200909066);湖南省"十二五"重点学科(风景园林学)(湘教发[2011]76号)

摘　　要：合理的植被恢复方式能提高生态系统的服务功能,进而为当地的生态恢复重建提供科学依据。研究了湘潭锰矿3种不同生境的植物群落(天然次生林群落、矿渣区域人工植被恢复群落、矿渣区自然恢复群落)的群落结构、生活型、重要值特征、多样性现状以及群落间的相似性程度。结果表明:(1)人工植被恢复群落共有35种植物,隶属21科32属;天然次生林群落共有17种植物,隶属13科17属;自然恢复群落共有14种植物,隶属14科14属。各类型植物群落中乔木层、灌木层、草本层的优势种不同。(2)在3种群落中,人工植被恢复群落中1年生植物占比例最大,其它2种群落都是高位芽植物占比例最大。(3)各类型的植物群落中Species richness、Shannon-Wiener以及Simpson多样性指数显示:天然次生林群落和人工植被恢复群落差异不显著,但是两者显著高于自然植被恢复群落。(4)各类型植物群落相似性程度差异很大,但是自然植被恢复群落和人工植被恢复群落差异要略小于自然植被恢复群落与天然次生林的群落的差异。Reasonable means of vegetation restoration can improve the ecosystem service functions, and provide a scientific basis for the local ecological restoration and reconstruction. The plant commtmity structure, plant life forms, important value characteristics, diversity status and the similarity between communities of three kinds of plant communities in different habitats in Xiangtan manganese area, which included natural secondary forest communities, artificial vegetation restoration communities in slag area, and natural restoration communities in slag area. The results show that （1） Thirty five species （which belong to 32 genera and 21 families）： 17 species （which belong to 17genera and 13 families） and 14 species （which belong to 14 genera and 14 families） were identified in artificial vegetation restoration communities, natural secondary forest communities and natural restoration communities, respectively： Dominant species in these 3 communities varied in tree, shrub and herb layers. （2） Of the three communities, the artificial vegetation restoration communities accounted for the largest proportion of annuals, other two communities are phanerophytes being accounted for the largest proportion. （3） Species richness, Simpson and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of various types of plant communities showed that the natural secondary forest communities and the artificial vegetation restoration communities＇ difference was not significant, but both were significantly higher than that of the natural restoration communities. （4） The degree of similarity among the three communities vary great, but the difference between the natural vegetation restoration communities and the artificial vegetation restoration communities was smaller than the natural vegetation restoration communities and natural secondary forest communities.

关 键 词：植物群落 群落结构 优势种 植物多样性 植被恢复 湘潭锰矿 

分 类 号：S718.542[农业科学—林学]