登陆我国台风的时空分布特征及其影响  

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Landing Typhoons in China and Their Influence

作　　者：黄昌兴[1] 周国良[1] 郑磊 杨明珠[3] 

机构地区：[1]水利部水文局,北京100053 [2]水利部丹江口水利枢纽管理局水库调度中心,湖北丹江口4427003 [3]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《水文》2014年第6期81-85,共5页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑资助项目(2012BAC21B0101)

摘　　要：利用1949~2013年共65年台风资料,统计分析登陆我国台风的气候特征。结果表明,登陆个数与生成个数有良好正相关;登陆个数年际变化明显,年最多登陆个数是最少登陆个数的4倍。登陆台风源地相对集中于南海北部和菲律宾以东两个区域;登陆时间主要集中于7~9月,登陆地点主要集中在广东、台湾、福建、海南、浙江5省。从登陆强度看,最多的为强热带风暴,次之为台风,强台风以上量级占12%;二次登陆强度普遍较首次登陆时弱,风力小2~3级。总体上登陆强度越大,登陆后在陆上的维持时间也越长,其中盛夏季节维持时间最长。21世纪以来登陆台风呈现个数多、强度大、灾损重的趋势,登陆时间的极端性和集中程度更趋明显。This paper analyzed the climate characteristics of the landing typhoons in China based on the typhoon data from 1949 to 2013. The results show that the number of landings and the number of generation have a good positive cor-relation. The landing typhoons have obvious interannual variability with maximum 4 times of the minimum number. Gen-eration area of the landing typhoons are concentrated in the north of the South China Sea and east of Philippines and land ing time mainly is concentrated between July and September with landing place mainly in Guangdong, Taiwan, Fujian,Hainan and Zhejiang. As for strength of landing, the most is tropical storm with second being typhoon. The strong ty-phoons account for 12% of total. The strength of secondary landing is generally weaker than that of the first time, with wind power less than 2-3 grade. On the whole, the stronger the landing typhoon, the longer the duration is. Since the be-ginning of this century, the landing typhoons have the characteristics of number increasing, stronger and leading to large losses.

关 键 词：登陆 台风 频数 强度 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]