地下水质量指标分类综合评价方法研究  

Research on comprehensive evaluation methods of groundwater quality index classification

作　　者：许真[1,2] 何江涛[1] 马文洁[3] 曾颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境工程北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [2]四川省地质工程勘察院,四川成都610071 [3]东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《水文地质工程地质》2014年第6期6-12,共7页Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology

基　　金：国土资源调查项目(1212011121173)

摘　　要：近年来随着污染加剧,地下水中检出的污染指标种类不断增加,新修订的地下水质量标准中水质指标由GB/T 14848-1993的39项增加至93项,其中大部分为有机毒理学指标。原有的地下水质量综合评价方法因不能区分毒理学指标和感官性状与一般化学指标的差异,评价结果容易产生歧义,且评价结果不符合地学统计特征,已不再适用。为此在反复摸索计算的基础上提出了指标分类地下水质量综合评价方法。该方法利用单指标质量分类统计法评价感官性状与一般化学指标,利用单指标最大分类确定法评价毒理学指标,最终结果分别给出感官性状与一般化学指标级别和毒理学指标级别,同时给出毒理学指标的饮水途径健康风险以供参考。该方法在淮河流域某地区的地下水质量综合评价中应用结果显示,评价结果简单明了,符合地学统计特征,与内梅罗指数法相比,评价结果更为客观。地下水质量指标分类综合评价方法,可有效解决水质综合评价结果容易产生歧义和误导的问题,满足常规指标和毒理学指标的综合评价,能够更好地综合体现地下水水质信息。With increasing pollution in recent years,more and more pollutants were detected in groundwater.The numbers of water quality indexes modified from 39 to 93 in the latest groundwater quality standard,most of them are organic contaminants.Original comprehensive groundwater quality evaluation methods were not suitable any more,because the old methods cannot distinguish the differences between organoleptic and general chemical indicators and toxicological indicators,and the evaluation results are easy to be misunderstood.In addition,the results are not fit with the statistical characteristics of earth science.Therefore,index classification of groundwater quality evaluation method was proposed based on repeating calculation in this paper.Using the single indicator quality classification statistical method to evaluate organoleptic parameters and general chemical indicators,and the largest single index classification method is used to evaluate toxicological indicators.The final results are given for organoleptic and general chemical indicators level and toxicological indicators level,and the human health risk of toxicological indicators are also given for reference.The application of the new method in a region of the Huaihe River Basin shows that the results is simple and easy to be understood,also meet the statistical characteristics of earth science.The evaluation results are more objective compared to the Nemerow method.The Proposed comprehensive evaluation method of groundwater quality index classification can solve the problem of water quality evaluation results producing ambiguity and misdirection effective,satisfy comprehensive evaluation of conventional indicators and toxicological indicators,and comprehensive reflect the groundwater quality information.

关 键 词：地下水质量 综合评价 指标分类 毒理学指标 

分 类 号：P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]