白银市某镉污染区人群尿镉基准剂量研究  

Calculation of biological exposure limit of cadmium by using benchmark dose method

作　　者：李浩[1] 柯屾[1] 贾闻婧 张洁莹[1] 李浩田[1] 成喜雨[1] 胡红刚[1] 刘泽民[2] 王红梅[2] 陈志南[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学生命科学与生物工程研究院,北京100044 [2]中国环境科学研究院

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2014年第6期13-16,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201009049;201309049)

摘　　要：目的估测环境镉接触致人群肾损伤的基准剂量(BMD),推出基准剂量的95%下限(BMDL),探讨镉的生物接触限值。方法选择甘肃省白银市某镉污染区居民为调查对象。以尿镉为人体镉负荷指标,以尿β2-微球蛋白和尿NAG酶为肾功能指标,应用BMD法对资料进行拟合与分析。结果随着体内镉接触水平的升高,Uβ2-MG和UNAG的异常发生率均明显升高,经趋势卡方检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);选择Log-Logistic为最优模型计算尿镉BMD和BMDL,当以尿NAG为效应指标时,BMD/BMDL值为(6.46/5.21)μg/g·cr,以尿β2-MG为效应指标时,BMD/BMDL值为(3.16/2.26)μg/g·cr。结论在运用BMD法时应注意效应指标临界值的选取、剂量的设置以及最优模型的选择;建议以更为敏感的尿β2-MG为效应指标所计算的BMDL值为依据,适当降低尿镉的生物接触限值。Objective The epidemiological study was aimed to estimate the benchmark dose （BMD） of renal dysfunction caused by the cadmium, and also calculate the BMD low confidence limit （BMDL） to explore the biological exposure limit. Methods 1 685 people who exposed to cadmium pollution in Baiyin were collected as the respondents, Urinary cadmium （UCd） was used as the exposure biomarker, and urinary [32-microgloburin （UI32-MG） and NAG enzyme （UNAG） were used as the effect biomarkers to make BMD approach for data fitting. Results There was an increased prevalence of the abnormality rate of UI32-MG and UNAG with an increasing urinary cadmium concentration, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.01）. Choosing the model of Log-Logistic, the BMD and BMDL were estimated. The UCd BMD/BMDL of UNAG was 6.46/5.21 μg/g· cr and the UCd BMD/BMDL of UI32-MG was 3.16/2. 26 μg,/g· cr. Conelusion It is necessary to consider the selection of critical value, setup of dose, and the choice of model; when using BMD approach to carry out the health risk assessment, it is suggested that on the base of using more sensitive U[32-MG to calculate the BMDL value and to appropriately lower urinary cadmium biological exposure limits.

关 键 词：镉接触 基准剂量 生物限值 

分 类 号：R146[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]