两种典型滤料厌氧氨氧化效果与工艺运行优化  

Comparison of performance and optimizing process for two typical filter medias of ANAMMOX biofilters

作　　者：杨庆[1] 谷鹏超[1] 刘秀红[1,2] 周瑶[1] 彭永臻[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学北京市水质科学与水环境恢复工程重点实验室,北京100124 [2]北京城市排水集团有限责任公司科技研发中心,北京100022

出　　处：《化工学报》2015年第1期455-463,共9页CIESC Journal

基　　金：北京市科技新星计划(Z111106054511017);北京市自然科学基金项目(8132010);北京市水务青年科技骨干培养项目(SW2012)

摘　　要：为促进厌氧氨氧化在城市污水处理中的应用,针对陶粒和火山岩两种典型滤料滤池的厌氧氨氧化脱氮效果和关键性工艺参数进行了研究。试验结果表明,接种挂膜启动生物滤池,10 d可实现稳定的厌氧氨氧化生物膜,火山岩滤池生物膜量和EPS均高于陶粒。滤料和反冲洗对厌氧氨氧化滤池实现稳定脱氮具有重要影响,低滤速条件下火山岩和陶粒滤池厌氧氨氧化效果基本相同,火山岩滤池和陶粒滤池反冲洗周期均较长,宜采用单独水冲方式;但高滤速条件下火山岩滤池比陶粒滤池更易堵塞,滤层有效深度小,反冲洗方式宜采用气水联合反冲方式,并相应缩短反冲洗周期、延长反冲洗时间。火山岩和陶粒滤池滤速均不宜高于2 m·h-1,最高总氮负荷分别可达3.81 kg·m-3·d-1和3.56 kg·m-3·d-1。To promote the engineering applications of anaerobic ammonium oxidation （ANAMMOX） for sewage treatment, nitrogen removal rate and key operational parameters were studied in two typical filters with ceramsite or volcanic rock as filter media were studied. The obtained results showed that the anammox biofim in both biofilters was successfully cultivated after 10 days of inoculation. Filter media and backwash both played important role in achieving stable anammox in biofilter. At low filtration velocity, in both biofilter, not only nitrogen removal rate was almost similar, but also water backwash and long backwash cycle were optimal. However, at high filtration velocity, volcanic rock biofilter was more easily blocked up than ceramsite biofilter. The effective depth of filter layer in volcanic rock biofilter was also thinner than that in ceramsite biofilter. Besides, air＋water backwash style was optimal, backwash cycle should be shortened and backwash time should be prolonged. Filtration velocity in both biofilters should be controlled lower than 2 m·h^-1. The highest nitrogen removal loading rate in volcanic rock biofilter and ceramsite biofilter were 3.81 kg·m-3·d^-1 and 3.56 kg·m-3·d^-1, respectively.

关 键 词：城市污水 厌氧氨氧化 过滤 生物滤池 生物膜 滤速 反冲洗 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]