筑坝蓄水对高原湿地拉市海土壤有机质和全氮分布格局的影响  

The impacts of dam impoundment on the distribution patterns of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in Lashihai plateau wetland

作　　者：杨洪昇 田昆 姚茜[1] 曹萍麟 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学环境科学与工程学院,昆明650224 [2]国家高原湿地研究中心,昆明650224

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第1期162-167,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划前期研究专项(2012CB426509);国家自然科学基金项目(40971285;31370497T和41001332);云南省科技计划项目(2008CA006和2010CA010);云南省科技创新人才计划项目(2012HC007)资助

摘　　要：筑坝扩容导致湿地面积增加。基于筑坝前后变化,沿淹水梯度采集土壤,了解高原湿地拉市海有机质和全氮分布的现状,比较筑坝蓄水前后有机质和全氮的差异性。结果表明:筑坝蓄水后淹水区土壤有机质和全氮均比未淹水土壤有所增加,同时随着淹水强度的加强,有机质和全氮含量都表现为先增加后减少的趋势;就同一淹水梯度而言,受人为干扰较严重的土壤(弃耕地土壤)有机质和全氮含量显著低于干扰较小的土壤(草甸土壤)。方差分析表明,有机质和全氮含量在干湿交替的季节性淹水区差异不显著(P>0.05),在常年淹水区则差异显著(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,研究区域内淹水强度与土壤有机质和全氮呈显著正相关,有机质与全氮呈显著正相关,全氮、有机质与碳氮比也呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。研究结果为科学评估筑坝蓄水对湿地生态系统的影响,为高原湿地生态系统的保护管理提供了科学依据。Dam enlargement can lead to the increasing distribution area of flooded wetlands. In the present study, soil samples along a flooding gradient in Lashihai Plateau wetland were collect- ed and analyzed in order to understand the distribution patterns of soil organic matter and total ni- trogen, and the differences in their contents before and after the dam impoundment were com- pared. The results showed that compared to the unflooded area, the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in the flooded area were higher. Also, as the flood intensity increased, the con- tents of organic matter and total nitrogen first increased and then decreased. As far as the same flood intensity was concerned, the soils severely affected by human activities （e.g., abandoned cropland soils） had lower levels of organic matter and total nitrogen than the undisturbed soils （e.g., meadow soil）. The analysis of variance （ANOVA） showed that the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen were significantly changed in the perennial waterlogging area （P〈0.05） but not in the seasonal flooding area with the alternation of wet and dry seasons （P〉0.05）. Cor- relation analysis showed that flood intensity was positively correlated with soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents （P〈0.01）. Also, soil organic matter was positively correlated with total N （P〈0.01）. The results could provide basic data to evaluate the impacts of dam impoundment on wetland ecosystems and also a theoretical basis for protection and management of plateau wetland ecosystems.

关 键 词：筑坝扩容 土壤有机质 土壤全氮 分布格局 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]