低温工况下流化床生物滤器的启动方式实验  

STARTING MODE OF FLUIDIZED-SAND BIO-FILTERS IN LOW TEMPERATURE CONDITION

作　　者：张海耿[1] 张宇雷[1] 宋红桥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,农业部渔业装备与工程技术重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《水处理技术》2015年第1期94-98,共5页Technology of Water Treatment

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划(2012BAD38B04-3);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-50);农业部渔业装备与工程技术重点实验室开放基金

摘　　要：为提高在低温工况下流化床生物滤器的挂膜速率及净水效果,将其应用于小型鲟鱼循环水养殖系统,并采用新型填料玻璃珠作为滤器的基质,探讨了不同启动方式下该滤器的挂膜时间及运行效果。结果表明,在养殖水体14~16℃工况下,采用自然挂膜方式和添加微生态制剂方式培养生物膜时,滤器成功启动所需的时间分别为29 d和21 d,挂膜时间显著长于采用接种原滤料方式,并且随着接种原滤料数量的增加,生物膜成熟所需的时间逐渐缩短。随着挂膜时间的延长,生物载体上的异养细菌和氨氧化细菌的数量都呈现先增加后减少的趋势。生物膜成熟后,不同启动方式下滤器对营养盐的去除效果无显著差别,对TAN、COD和BOD5的去除率分别维持在10.5%~22.1%、15.9%~31.5%和30.3%~48%,对TAN的去除负荷维持在157~331 g/（m3·d）,硝化效果好于一般的生物滤器。In order to improve the rate ofbiofilm cultivation and the effect of water purification in low temperature condition, fluidized-sand bio-filter was applied to small-scale sturgeon reeirculating aquaculture systems, in which new packing material glass bead was used as the media of the filter. This biofilm cultivation time and operation performance in different starting modes were discussed. The results showed that the aquaculture water under the condition of 14-16 ℃, while using natural membrane-forming style and adding microecologics to cultivate biofilm, the time of successfully starting up the filter was 29 d and 21 d, respectively, which was significantly longer than that in the style of inoculating original filter material, and the time of biofilm to become mature gradually shortened with the increase of inoculating original filter material. It presented a trend that the quantity of heterotrophic bacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria increased gradually to a top and then fell slowly to a stable level as in the process ofbiofilm cultivation. Atter biofilm became mature, it was no significant difference in effect of nutrient removal under different starting modes, and the removal rates of TAN, COD and BOD5 were 10.5%-22.1%, 15.9%-31.5% and 30.3%-48%, respectively, While the average TAN removal load maintained 157-331 g/（m3.d）, which was better than ordinary biological filters.

关 键 词：流化床生物滤器 低温工况 启动方式 净水效果 鲟鱼循环水养殖系统 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]